Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which signs suggest early hypovolaemic shock after surgery?

1. ARising heart rate, cool skin and slow capillary refill
2. BSlow heart rate, flushed skin and warm hands
3. CNormal pulse with heavy sweating only after meals
4. DHigh blood pressure with a fast, bounding pulse

Why is a temporary loop ileostomy often formed after a low bowel resection?

1. ATo let the patient eat without chewing
2. BTo divert stool while the join further down heals
3. CTo drain urine from the kidneys
4. DTo remove the whole colon permanently in a single operation

What is a hiatus hernia?

1. APart of the bowel pushing through the groin into the scrotum
2. BA bulge of bowel through an old surgical scar
3. CPart of the stomach pushing up through the diaphragm
4. DBowel bulging through a weak point in the muscle at the umbilicus

Apakah tujuan selang kunci pada pam PCA?

1. AIa mengunci pam supaya picagari tidak boleh ditukar
2. BIa menghalang pesakit daripada mendapat sebarang dos pada waktu malam
3. CIa menghalang dos baharu sebelum dos terakhir berkesan
4. DIa membuat pesakit menunggu sehari antara dos besar

What is TENS?

1. AA device that sends mild electrical pulses through skin pads
2. BA strong opioid given through the skin as a weekly adhesive patch
3. CA pain score used for babies
4. DA type of epidural catheter inserted in theatre

Apakah perbezaan klinikal utama antara sekatan usus kecil dan usus besar?

1. AUsus kecil: kembung ketara sahaja; usus besar: tiada sakit, tiada muntah dan tiada kembung langsung
2. BUsus kecil: tiada muntah langsung; usus besar: muntah awal yang banyak tanpa kembung
3. CTiada perbezaan klinikal; hanya imbasan CT yang dapat membezakannya
4. DUsus kecil: muntah awal, kurang kembung; usus besar: muntah lewat, kembung ketara

Four hours after surgery, a catheterised patient's urine output has been 10 mL/h for two hours. Vital signs are stable. What should the nurse check first?

1. AYesterday's chest X-ray and blood gas results
2. BThe time the patient last ate
3. CWhether the patient wants a cup of tea
4. DThat the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked

Four patients are on a gastroenterology ward. Which should the nurse see first?

1. AA patient with cirrhosis who is newly confused and drowsy
2. BA patient with stable ulcerative colitis asking about diet
3. CA patient with GORD who wants an antacid
4. DA patient with an ileostomy waiting to change the pouch