Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which two sites are most common for pressure ulcers in patients lying in bed?

1. AThe palms and the forehead
2. BThe thighs and the upper arms
3. CThe forearms and the knees
4. DThe sacrum and the heels

Which finding describes a category 1 pressure ulcer?

1. AAn open wound with visible bone at the base
2. BIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
3. CA shallow open wound with a red-pink base and no slough
4. DA wound covered with thick black eschar

What is the purpose of anti-embolism stockings for surgical patients?

1. ATo reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis
2. BTo prevent pressure ulcers on the heels
3. CTo lower the blood pressure after surgery
4. DTo keep the legs warm in theatre

A patient had an upper GI endoscopy with a local anaesthetic throat spray. What must the nurse check before giving a drink?

1. AThat the patient has passed urine since the procedure
2. BThat the patient's blood glucose is above normal
3. CThat bowel sounds are present in all four quadrants
4. DThat swallowing and the gag reflex have returned

Which is a recognised cause of anaphylaxis during surgery?

1. AChlorhexidine skin preparation
2. BThe patient's own blood from cell salvage
3. CSterile normal saline
4. DA warmed blanket

Which factor can precipitate hepatic encephalopathy in a patient with cirrhosis?

1. AConstipation
2. BA high fluid intake
3. CRegular gentle walking
4. DA low-salt diet

Seorang pesakit sekatan usus mengalami sakit teruk yang berterusan (tidak lagi berkolik), demam, kadar jantung 120/min dan abdomen yang kaku dan sakit apabila disentuh. Apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh ini?

1. ASekatan sedang pulih apabila usus mula bergerak
2. BKemajuan normal yang hanya memerlukan analgesia ringkas tetap
3. CStrangulasi atau perforasi yang memerlukan semakan pembedahan segera
4. DSembelit yang patut dirawat dengan julap perangsang

Seorang pesakit ensefalopati hepatik resah pada waktu malam. Benzodiazepin dicadangkan untuk tidur. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMempersoalkannya, kerana sedatif boleh memburukkan ensefalopati
2. BMemberikannya pada dos berganda untuk memastikan tidur
3. CMemberikannya dan menghentikan laktulosa untuk mengelakkan cirit-birit
4. DMemberikannya, kerana hati tidak menjejaskan sedatif