Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is brachytherapy?

1. ARadiotherapy from a sealed source placed in or next to the tumour
2. BSurgery to remove a tumour through a small incision
3. CRadiotherapy given by a machine from outside the body
4. DChemotherapy given slowly into a vein over several hours each day

What is the Braden scale (or a similar tool such as Waterlow) used for?

1. AAssessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers
2. BGrading the depth of a burn wound before dressing it
3. CScoring the severity of nausea
4. DMeasuring a patient's level of consciousness

What is a common reason for giving a premedication before surgery?

1. ATo make the patient hungry after surgery
2. BTo treat the surgical wound in advance
3. CTo replace the general anaesthetic
4. DTo reduce anxiety

Which nursing care helps a new skin graft take?

1. AMassaging the graft firmly several times a day
2. BKeeping the area still and avoiding shearing forces
3. CRemoving the dressing every hour to look at it
4. DEncouraging the patient to exercise the area straight away

Which complication is more typical of Crohn's disease than of ulcerative colitis?

1. AInflammation limited to the rectal lining
2. BBleeding only from the rectum
3. CDisease that is cured by removing the colon
4. DFistulas between the bowel and other organs

Why are antimotility drugs such as loperamide avoided in C. difficile infection?

1. AThey make the stool sample test positive falsely
2. BThey may keep toxin in the bowel and risk toxic megacolon
3. CThey kill the normal bowel bacteria
4. DThey cause serious liver failure in most patients who take them

On the day after a Hartmann's procedure, the end colostomy is dark purple to black. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it urgently, as the stoma may be necrotic
2. BRecord it as normal postoperative bruising and recheck it next week
3. CCut a smaller hole in the pouch
4. DRub the stoma to improve its colour

In week 5 of radiotherapy, the skin in the treatment field is broken, moist and painful. What should the nurse do?

1. AUse a heat pad to speed healing
2. BReport it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing
3. CScrub the area with soap to prevent infection
4. DApply adhesive tape directly over the area to protect it from clothing