Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is a hiatus hernia?

1. APart of the stomach pushing up through the diaphragm
2. BA bulge of bowel through an old surgical scar
3. CBowel bulging through a weak point in the muscle at the umbilicus
4. DPart of the bowel pushing through the groin into the scrotum

Which is the single largest preventable risk factor for cancer?

1. AWearing synthetic clothing
2. BUsing mobile phones
3. CTobacco smoking
4. DDrinking tap water

When should pain be reassessed after giving analgesia?

1. ANever, as one assessment is enough
2. BWhen the drug is expected to have taken effect
3. COnly if the patient asks for more analgesia
4. DOnly at the next routine observation round the next day

Aspirate from a nasogastric tube has a pH of 7. What should the nurse do?

1. AFlush with 50 mL of air and start the feed
2. BStart the feed slowly and watch the patient closely for coughing
3. CGive the medicines but not the feed
4. DDo not use it; re-test later or arrange an X-ray as per policy

How is the height of an epidural sensory block usually checked?

1. ATesting sensation to cold with ice or a cold spray
2. BMeasuring the patient's blood glucose level
3. CTapping the knee with a reflex hammer and recording the score
4. DChecking the colour of the patient's urine

After a spinal anaesthetic, which nursing check is particularly important?

1. APupil reaction every five minutes for the next full day
2. BBlood glucose every 15 minutes overnight
3. CReturn of leg sensation and movement, and passing urine
4. DPeak flow before and after each meal

A bag of parenteral nutrition runs out and the next one will not arrive for several hours. Which risk should the nurse anticipate?

1. ARaised intracranial pressure
2. BAcute urinary retention
3. CSevere hyperkalaemia
4. DRebound hypoglycaemia

A patient with cirrhosis takes spironolactone and furosemide. Which blood result should the nurse report before the next dose?

1. APotassium 6.0 mmol/L
2. BPotassium 4.2 mmol/L
3. CSodium 141 mmol/L
4. DSodium 138 mmol/L