Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which symptom in an adult over 50 is a red flag for colorectal cancer?

1. AA lasting change in bowel habit with rectal bleeding
2. BMild bloating before a period
3. COne episode of loose stools after a takeaway meal
4. DOccasional wind and rumbling after eating a meal of beans

Which measure helps prevent burn scar contractures?

1. AAvoiding all movement until the wound has healed
2. BKeeping the joint bent in the most comfortable position
3. CPositioning, splinting and regular stretching exercises
4. DApplying ice packs to the scar every day

Apakah yang patut dilakukan sejurus sebelum mengambil swab luka untuk kultur?

1. AMenyapu antiseptik dan membiarkannya kering sepenuhnya
2. BMembersihkannya dengan salin untuk membuang serpihan permukaan
3. CMengambil swab daripada pembalut kering itu sendiri
4. DMembiarkan pembalut lama selama sehari lagi

Why is the "whoosh" test no longer used to check nasogastric tube position?

1. AThe test is far too painful for most patients to tolerate
2. BAir can be heard even when the tube is in the lung
3. CIt needs an X-ray machine at the bedside
4. DThe air always makes the tube block

Which initial treatment is usual for symptomatic hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

1. AIV fluids followed by an IV bisphosphonate
2. BA high-calcium diet with extra milk
3. CFluid restriction and a thiazide diuretic
4. DOral calcium tablets and vitamin D

Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?

1. AEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining
2. BSit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully
3. CTake a codeine-based painkiller every day
4. DEat less fibre so that stools are smaller

On the day after a Hartmann's procedure, the end colostomy is dark purple to black. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord it as normal postoperative bruising and recheck it next week
2. BCut a smaller hole in the pouch
3. CRub the stoma to improve its colour
4. DReport it urgently, as the stoma may be necrotic

Seorang pesakit yang menggunakan opioid jangka panjang untuk kesakitan kronik dimasukkan ke wad untuk pembedahan. Pernyataan manakah yang betul?

1. AMereka patut menerima parasetamol sahaja selepas pembedahan tamat
2. BMereka memerlukan dos opioid pasca-operasi yang lebih rendah daripada pesakit yang belum pernah menggunakan opioid
3. CSemua opioid patut dihentikan semasa kemasukan untuk mencegah ketagihan
4. DOpioid biasa diteruskan, serta analgesia tambahan, kerana toleransi