Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Why is adrenaline sometimes added to a local anaesthetic?

1. AIt makes the patient fall asleep more quickly
2. BIt turns the local anaesthetic into a general anaesthetic
3. CIt stops the local anaesthetic causing any allergy
4. DIt narrows vessels, so the block lasts longer and bleeding is less

Using the rule of nines in an adult, what percentage is the whole head and neck?

1. A4.5%
2. B1%
3. C18%
4. D9%

What is slough in a wound?

1. AYellow, soft, stringy dead tissue
2. BA thick, hard black crust
3. CPink, new skin at the wound edge
4. DRed, healthy granulation tissue

Why does a patient need lifelong vitamin B₁₂ injections after total gastrectomy?

1. AThe liver can no longer store any vitamins
2. BThe small bowel stops absorbing all nutrients
3. CIntrinsic factor from the stomach is no longer made
4. DVitamin B₁₂ is lost in the urine after the surgery

Which initial treatment is usual for symptomatic hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

1. AIV fluids followed by an IV bisphosphonate
2. BFluid restriction and a thiazide diuretic
3. COral calcium tablets and vitamin D
4. DA high-calcium diet with extra milk

Kawasan manakah yang digunakan sebagai anggaran pantas 1% luas permukaan badan bagi lecuran kecil atau bertaburan?

1. ATangan dan lengan bawah pesakit
2. BKuku ibu jari pesakit
3. CTapak tangan pemeriksa termasuk jari
4. DTapak tangan pesakit termasuk jari

Two hours after a meal, a patient who had a gastrectomy becomes shaky, sweaty and confused. What is the most likely cause and first action?

1. AVitamin B₁₂ deficiency; give an injection now
2. BEarly dumping from fluid shifts; give a large drink of water
3. CAn anastomotic leak; insert a nasogastric tube at once
4. DLate dumping with low blood glucose; check capillary glucose

A patient taking IV antibiotics has three unexplained loose stools in 24 hours. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIsolate the patient and send a stool sample for testing
2. BWait two days to see if the diarrhoea settles
3. CGive loperamide after each loose stool and continue as usual
4. DMove the patient to a bay with other patients to watch them closely