Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Why is adrenaline sometimes added to a local anaesthetic?

1. AIt makes the patient fall asleep more quickly
2. BIt narrows vessels, so the block lasts longer and bleeding is less
3. CIt turns the local anaesthetic into a general anaesthetic
4. DIt stops the local anaesthetic causing any allergy

Which features are typical of a superficial partial-thickness burn?

1. ACharred skin with exposed muscle and bone
2. BBlisters, a moist pink base and severe pain
3. CDry, white, leathery skin with no pain
4. DRedness only, with no blisters, like sunburn

Which signs suggest a deep vein thrombosis in the leg?

1. ACold, pale feet on both sides with no pulse
2. BA painless rash on both shins
3. CItching between the toes of both feet
4. DSwelling, pain, warmth and redness of one calf

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle
2. BA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum
3. CIntact skin with redness that does not blanch
4. DA shallow wound into the dermis only

Why are carbohydrate drinks often given before surgery in enhanced recovery programmes?

1. ATo reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
2. BTo replace the need for any IV fluids afterwards
3. CTo make the bowels open before the operation
4. DTo raise the blood pressure during the anaesthetic

A patient on enteral feeding develops diarrhoea. What should the nurse review first?

1. AThe colour of the feeding bag label
2. BThe medicine chart, including laxatives and antibiotics
3. CThe patient's mobility aids and walking distance
4. DThe patient's eye drops and skin creams

A 62-year-old with known reflux reports burning central chest pain with sweating and breathlessness that began while walking. What should the nurse do first?

1. ARecord a 12-lead ECG and escalate as possible cardiac pain
2. BAdvise the patient to avoid spicy food at future meals
3. CBook a routine endoscopy for later in the week
4. DGive an antacid and reassess the pain in an hour

Pada hari ke-2 pankreatitis akut yang teruk, seorang pesakit menjadi sesak nafas, dengan SpO₂ 88% dan infiltrat dua belah pada X-ray dada. Komplikasi manakah yang paling mungkin?

1. AAspirasi objek asing
2. BSerangan asma teruk akut
3. CPneumotoraks tegang spontan
4. DSindrom gangguan pernafasan akut (ARDS)