Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Pain is usually called chronic when it lasts longer than about how long?

1. AThree days
2. BThree weeks
3. CThree months
4. DThree hours

Where are venous leg ulcers usually found?

1. AOn the tips of the toes and between the toes
2. BOn the front of the thigh
3. COn the sole of the foot under the heel
4. DAround the inner ankle, in the gaiter area

Why does chemotherapy often affect the bone marrow, gut lining and hair?

1. AThese tissues have no blood supply
2. BThese tissues store the chemotherapy drugs
3. CThese tissues are the main sites of cancer
4. DThese tissues contain rapidly dividing cells

What is anticipatory nausea in chemotherapy?

1. ANausea triggered by reminders of treatment before it is given
2. BNausea caused only by the smell of food
3. CNausea caused by low blood glucose
4. DNausea that starts about a week after each cycle and lasts for days

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle
2. BA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum
3. CA shallow wound into the dermis only
4. DIntact skin with redness that does not blanch

Why is it important to prevent perioperative hypothermia?

1. AIt reduces the amount of anaesthetic needed, which is unsafe
2. BIt increases bleeding, wound infection and heart complications
3. CIt makes patients wake up from the anaesthetic too quickly
4. DIt lowers the risk of pain after surgery

Seorang pesakit yang menggunakan opioid jangka panjang untuk kesakitan kronik dimasukkan ke wad untuk pembedahan. Pernyataan manakah yang betul?

1. AMereka memerlukan dos opioid pasca-operasi yang lebih rendah daripada pesakit yang belum pernah menggunakan opioid
2. BOpioid biasa diteruskan, serta analgesia tambahan, kerana toleransi
3. CSemua opioid patut dihentikan semasa kemasukan untuk mencegah ketagihan
4. DMereka patut menerima parasetamol sahaja selepas pembedahan tamat

A colleague suggests giving a saline injection to see whether a patient's pain is "real". What is the best response?

1. AIt should be done only for patients with chronic pain
2. BDeceptive placebos are unethical and do not show pain is "fake"
3. CIt is a good idea, as long as the patient is not told about it afterwards
4. DIt is acceptable if a senior nurse gives the saline