Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Which statement describes moderate ("conscious") sedation?

1. AThe patient needs a ventilator to breathe
2. BThe patient is fully alert and anxious
3. CThe patient is drowsy but responds to voice or light touch
4. DThe patient cannot be roused by any stimulus, even a painful one

Siasatan manakah yang biasanya digunakan untuk mencari dan merawat punca pendarahan GI atas?

1. AKajian barium telan
2. BKolonoskopi usus
3. CX-ray abdomen biasa
4. DEndoskopi GI atas

Why does chemotherapy often affect the bone marrow, gut lining and hair?

1. AThese tissues are the main sites of cancer
2. BThese tissues contain rapidly dividing cells
3. CThese tissues have no blood supply
4. DThese tissues store the chemotherapy drugs

Which initial treatment is usual for symptomatic hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

1. AIV fluids followed by an IV bisphosphonate
2. BFluid restriction and a thiazide diuretic
3. CA high-calcium diet with extra milk
4. DOral calcium tablets and vitamin D

Which is a recognised cause of anaphylaxis during surgery?

1. AA warmed blanket
2. BChlorhexidine skin preparation
3. CThe patient's own blood from cell salvage
4. DSterile normal saline

Why do patients with major burns lose so much fluid in the first 24–48 hours?

1. APatients drink far too little in hospital in the first days
2. BThe burned skin absorbs fluid from the air
3. CLeaky capillaries let plasma move into the tissues
4. DThe kidneys stop making urine completely

A patient with diabetes has rapidly spreading redness around a small wound, severe pain out of proportion, fever and crackling under the skin. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA simple insect bite
2. BMild contact dermatitis
3. CNecrotising fasciitis
4. DA healing venous ulcer

Which preoperative blood result should the nurse report to the team before elective surgery?

1. AHaemoglobin 138 g/L (13.8 g/dL) in a man
2. BFasting glucose 5.4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)
3. CPotassium 2.9 mmol/L
4. DSodium 139 mmol/L