Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is portal hypertension?

1. ARaised pressure in the lungs from heart failure
2. BRaised pressure in the portal venous system to the liver
3. CHigh blood pressure in the arteries of the arms and legs
4. DHigh pressure inside the skull

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
2. BUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
3. CStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed
4. DGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it

What is the purpose of anti-embolism stockings for surgical patients?

1. ATo keep the legs warm in theatre
2. BTo prevent pressure ulcers on the heels
3. CTo reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis
4. DTo lower the blood pressure after surgery

Apakah perbezaan klinikal utama antara sekatan usus kecil dan usus besar?

1. AUsus kecil: tiada muntah langsung; usus besar: muntah awal yang banyak tanpa kembung
2. BTiada perbezaan klinikal; hanya imbasan CT yang dapat membezakannya
3. CUsus kecil: muntah awal, kurang kembung; usus besar: muntah lewat, kembung ketara
4. DUsus kecil: kembung ketara sahaja; usus besar: tiada sakit, tiada muntah dan tiada kembung langsung

Which lung problem is a known toxicity of bleomycin?

1. APulmonary fibrosis
2. BAsthma from pollen
3. CPneumothorax from coughing
4. DLung cancer within weeks

Which rule about the sterile field is correct?

1. ASterile items can be passed across a non-sterile area freely
2. BA sterile pack stays sterile even when it is wet
3. CIf sterility is in doubt, the item is treated as contaminated
4. DThe area below a gowned person's waist is sterile

A nurse finds a dislodged sealed radiation source in the bed of a patient receiving brachytherapy. What should the nurse do?

1. AThrow it in the clinical waste bag
2. BUse long-handled forceps to put it in the lead container; report it
3. CPick it up with gloved hands and put it in the nearest sharps bin quickly
4. DLeave it in the bed until the end of the shift

A category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer is now healing and shallower. How should it be documented according to standard guidance?

1. AAs a category 1 pressure ulcer now
2. BAs a fully healed ulcer that can be removed from the record
3. CAs a healing category 4 pressure ulcer
4. DAs a category 2 pressure ulcer now