Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

What is dyspepsia?

1. AUpper abdominal discomfort, often called indigestion
2. BDifficulty swallowing solid food and tablets
3. CPain in the rectum on opening the bowels
4. DVomiting of blood after a large meal

What is a volvulus?

1. AA tear in the lining of the anus
2. BA twist of a loop of bowel around itself
3. CAn infection of the appendix
4. DA pouch in the wall of the colon that fills with stool

What is the basic idea of the WHO analgesic ladder?

1. AGive analgesia only when the patient asks for it
2. BAlways start with the strongest opioid available and then reduce it slowly
3. CUse only one drug at a time, never in combination
4. DStep up from non-opioids to weak, then strong, opioids as needed

Which rule about the sterile field is correct?

1. AThe area below a gowned person's waist is sterile
2. BSterile items can be passed across a non-sterile area freely
3. CA sterile pack stays sterile even when it is wet
4. DIf sterility is in doubt, the item is treated as contaminated

Why is IV hydration given with cisplatin?

1. ATo make the drug less effective
2. BTo raise the blood pressure during treatment
3. CTo prevent hair loss
4. DTo protect the kidneys from damage

Why should metoclopramide not be used for nausea in mechanical bowel obstruction?

1. AIt always causes severe diarrhoea
2. BIt increases gut movement against the blockage
3. CIt makes the bowel stop moving completely
4. DIt blocks the effect of all opioids

Hours after an oesophageal dilatation, a patient has chest pain, fever and crackling swelling under the skin of the neck. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AOesophageal perforation
2. BAn allergic reaction to the sedative
3. CSimple reflux after the dilatation
4. DNormal discomfort after the procedure

A 76-year-old with a past peptic ulcer needs long-term anti-inflammatory treatment for arthritis. Which plan best reduces GI bleeding risk?

1. AConsider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI
2. BCombine two different NSAIDs at lower doses
3. CUse the highest NSAID dose to shorten the course
4. DTake the NSAID with a glass of milk instead of food