Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. ADiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine
2. BDry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards
3. CCough and breathlessness
4. DHair loss from the scalp

Which is the single largest preventable risk factor for cancer?

1. ADrinking tap water
2. BUsing mobile phones
3. CWearing synthetic clothing
4. DTobacco smoking

Manakah satu daripada punca sirosis hati yang paling lazim?

1. APenggunaan alkohol berat jangka panjang
2. BAnemia kekurangan zat besi
3. CSatu episod keracunan makanan
4. DDiet tinggi buah-buahan dan serat

Keabnormalan elektrolit manakah yang boleh menyumbang kepada ileus pasca-operasi?

1. AHiperfosfatemia
2. BHipernatremia
3. CHipokalemia
4. DHiperkalemia

A patient is starting regular oral morphine. Which bowel advice is most appropriate?

1. AWait until there has been no stool for a week
2. BStart a regular laxative at the same time
3. CStop eating fibre completely
4. DTake a bulk-forming laxative only with very little water

Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of a first variceal bleed in cirrhosis?

1. AProton pump inhibitors
2. BNon-selective beta-blockers
3. CThiazide diuretics
4. DCalcium supplements

A patient with lung cancer becomes hypotensive and breathless, with distended neck veins and quiet heart sounds. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ASuperior vena cava obstruction from the tumour
2. BA side effect of anti-sickness drugs
3. CCardiac tamponade from a pericardial effusion
4. DHypercalcaemia of malignancy from bone metastases

In week 5 of radiotherapy, the skin in the treatment field is broken, moist and painful. What should the nurse do?

1. AUse a heat pad to speed healing
2. BScrub the area with soap to prevent infection
3. CApply adhesive tape directly over the area to protect it from clothing
4. DReport it, keep it clean and use a non-adherent dressing