Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: GI, perioperatif & onkologi dengan jawapan

How is hepatitis A mainly spread?

1. ABlood transfusion and needles
2. BTick and mosquito bites
3. CBreathing in airborne droplets
4. DFaecal-oral route

What is metastasis?

1. AHealing of tissue after a biopsy
2. BShrinking of a tumour after treatment
3. CSpread of cancer cells to a distant part of the body
4. DThe first appearance of a tumour in a single organ of the body

What is a PEG tube?

1. AA feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach
2. BA catheter placed in a large vein for medicines
3. CA thin tube passed through the nose and down into the small bowel area
4. DA drain placed in the chest to remove air

Why are many patients screened for MRSA before planned surgery?

1. ATo check whether the patient has had a flu vaccine
2. BTo decide which anaesthetic drug to use
3. CSo that carriers can be decolonised to reduce infection
4. DSo that surgery can be cancelled for all positive patients

Pernyataan manakah tentang pemakanan dalam pankreatitis akut ringan yang sesuai dengan garis panduan semasa?

1. APesakit patut diberi makan melalui nutrisi parenteral sahaja
2. BPesakit mesti berpuasa sekurang-kurangnya tiga minggu untuk merehatkan pankreas
3. CMakanan ditahan sehingga amilase kembali normal
4. DPemakanan oral boleh bermula semula awal, sebaik sahaja kesakitan dan loya membenarkan

Which complication is more typical of Crohn's disease than of ulcerative colitis?

1. ABleeding only from the rectum
2. BInflammation limited to the rectal lining
3. CDisease that is cured by removing the colon
4. DFistulas between the bowel and other organs

Semasa resusitasi lecuran, pengeluaran air kencing seorang dewasa 80 kg ialah 15 mL/j selama 2 jam. Apakah yang ditunjukkan oleh ini?

1. ALebihan cecair; semua cecair IV patut dihentikan sekarang
2. BResusitasi yang tidak mencukupi; kadar cecair biasanya perlu dinaikkan
3. CKateter tersumbat yang patut dikeluarkan sahaja
4. DPengeluaran air kencing yang normal bagi pesakit lecur

A patient on immunotherapy for melanoma has six watery stools a day and abdominal cramps. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive loperamide and review next week
2. BReassure that diarrhoea is normal and harmless
3. CEscalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
4. DAdvise eating more fibre and fruit to firm up the stools