Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

In neurological charting, what does PERRLA stand for?

1. APain eased, resting, relaxed, lying awake
2. BPupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation
3. CPatient eating, resting, reading, learning and alert at all times
4. DPulse even, regular, rate low and adequate

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically follows which event?

1. AA kidney stone passed the week before
2. BA throat or skin infection a few weeks earlier
3. CA long course of antibiotics for pneumonia
4. DAn episode of bloody diarrhoea from food poisoning

Which statement about adult polycystic kidney disease is correct?

1. AIt is caused by repeated urinary infections
2. BIt is inherited, and cysts slowly enlarge both kidneys
3. CIt is caused by drinking too little water
4. DIt only ever affects one of the two kidneys

Bagaimanakah cecair dialisis peritoneal patut dipanaskan sebelum digunakan?

1. ADalam pemanas haba kering khusus
2. BDalam mangkuk air paip panas
3. CIa patut digunakan sejuk terus dari peti sejuk
4. DDalam ketuhar gelombang mikro

An 85-year-old care home resident becomes newly confused and is falling more often. A UTI is one possibility. Why?

1. AOlder adults often show infection as confusion
2. BA UTI cannot occur in people over 80
3. CConfusion is the only symptom of a UTI at any age
4. DUrinary infections always cause a high fever in older adults

How does bladder training help urge incontinence?

1. AThe time between voids is slowly increased
2. BA catheter is used every night
3. CThe patient drinks as little as possible
4. DThe patient goes to the toilet every 15 minutes

The nurse has four renal patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with a potassium of 6.8 mmol/L who reports palpitations
2. BA patient with CKD asking about their phosphate binder
3. CA patient with a creatinine slightly above their usual level
4. DA patient with mild itching from uraemia who wants a cream

The day after a lumbar puncture, a patient has a headache that is severe when standing and almost gone when lying flat. Temperature and neck movement are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. APost-dural puncture headache
2. BBacterial meningitis from the procedure
3. CA subarachnoid haemorrhage
4. DA migraine triggered by stress