Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What happens in multiple sclerosis?

1. AAntibodies block signals at the junction between nerve and muscle
2. BA virus destroys the nerves in the arms and legs
3. CThe immune system damages myelin in the brain and spinal cord
4. DMotor nerve cells slowly die without any inflammation

Insulin manakah yang disedut dahulu apabila mencampurkan insulin bertindak pendek dan insulin pertengahan (NPH, keruh) dalam satu picagari?

1. AKedua-duanya serentak, selepas dicampur dalam satu vial
2. BInsulin yang keruh, kemudian insulin bertindak pendek yang jernih
3. CInsulin bertindak pendek yang jernih, kemudian insulin yang keruh
4. DMana-mana turutan, kerana tiada bezanya

What does a complete spinal cord injury mean?

1. AThe spinal cord has been cut into two separate pieces
2. BThe patient can move but cannot feel below the injury
3. CAll vertebrae in the neck are broken
4. DNo movement or feeling below the injury, even in the sacral area

Why are tacrolimus blood levels checked regularly?

1. AThe levels show how much urine the kidney is making
2. BThe levels show whether the patient has diabetes
3. CToo high harms the kidney; too low risks rejection
4. DThe drug only works if levels are as high as possible

Skor Skala Koma Glasgow manakah yang biasanya menunjukkan bahawa pesakit mungkin tidak dapat melindungi saluran udaranya sendiri?

1. A15
2. B13 atau di bawah
3. C11 atau ke atas
4. D8 atau di bawah

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
2. BThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
3. CSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs
4. DThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins

Selepas pembedahan, pengeluaran air kencing pesakit ialah 15 mL/j selama 3 jam, dengan nadi 110/min, TD 96/58 mmHg dan membran mukus kering. Apakah punca yang paling mungkin bagi pengeluaran air kencing yang rendah?

1. ADiabetes insipidus selepas anestesia
2. BAKI prarenal akibat hipovolemia
3. CLebihan cecair daripada cecair IV
4. DSIADH disebabkan oleh pembedahan

The night after hip surgery, an 84-year-old becomes suddenly confused and tries to pull out their IV line. What is the most appropriate first step?

1. AApply wrist restraints to protect the IV line
2. BLook for causes such as low oxygen, pain, retention or infection
3. CAsk for a strong sedative so that the patient can sleep
4. DTell the family that this is the start of dementia