Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which side effect of metformin is most common?

1. AGum overgrowth and a rash
2. BA dry cough at night
3. CWeight gain and oedema
4. DNausea and diarrhoea

What is the most common cause of intrinsic (renal) acute kidney injury in hospital?

1. AAcute tubular necrosis
2. BPolycystic kidney disease
3. CAn enlarged prostate
4. DKidney stones

Which serum sodium result shows hyponatraemia in an adult?

1. A147 mmol/L
2. B138 mmol/L
3. C142 mmol/L
4. D129 mmol/L

Seorang pesakit SIADH mempunyai natrium 126 mmol/L dan gejala ringan. Rawatan manakah yang biasanya barisan pertama?

1. ADesmopresin
2. BAir oral tambahan
3. CSekatan cecair
4. DInfusi glukosa 5% IV

A patient has acute low back pain with no red flags. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AWear a rigid back brace all day and night for at least three months
2. BStay as active as possible and use simple pain relief
3. CStay in bed for two weeks until the pain is gone
4. DAvoid all movement until an MRI scan has been done

After a kidney biopsy, which observation is most important?

1. AThe colour of the patient's skin on the face
2. BThe patient's appetite at the next meal
3. CThe temperature every four hours only
4. DSigns of bleeding, such as haematuria and a rising pulse

Seorang pesakit yang mengambil prednisolon dos tinggi jangka panjang berada tiga hari selepas pembedahan usus. Mereka melaporkan hanya sakit abdomen ringan, tetapi kadar jantung telah meningkat kepada 115/min dan suhu 37.4 °C. Mengapakah jururawat patut sangat bimbang?

1. ASteroid melindungi daripada jangkitan, jadi sepsis sangat tidak mungkin
2. BSakit ringan menunjukkan usus sedang sembuh seperti yang dijangka
3. CSteroid boleh menyembunyikan demam, kesakitan dan peritonisme, menyorokkan komplikasi
4. DSteroid menyebabkan takikardia pada semua pesakit, jadi tiada tindakan diperlukan

A patient on haemodialysis is on a medical ward. Which task can the registered nurse delegate to a healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AWeighing the patient before they go to dialysis
2. BAssessing the thrill and bruit of the fistula
3. CDeciding which morning medicines to hold
4. DTeaching the patient about fluid restriction