Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What does the HbA1c test show?

1. AThe glucose level over the last 24 hours only
2. BThe average blood glucose over about two to three months
3. CThe blood glucose at the exact moment that the sample is taken
4. DThe amount of insulin the pancreas is making

Which type of insulin is given intravenously, for example in an insulin infusion?

1. APremixed biphasic insulin
2. BLong-acting insulin glargine
3. CIntermediate-acting NPH (isophane) insulin
4. DSoluble (regular) short-acting insulin

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

1. AIn the original kidney position at the back
2. BIn the chest, next to the heart
3. CIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa
4. DJust under the skin of the arm

A routine blood test shows a potassium of 6.4 mmol/L. The lab reports that the sample was haemolysed. The patient feels well. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive oral potassium supplements straight away
2. BStart dialysis as soon as possible
3. CIgnore it, because haemolysis always gives a normal result
4. DInform the doctor and arrange an urgent repeat sample

Which statement about the PSA blood test is correct?

1. AA normal result always rules out any prostate cancer
2. BIt can be raised by benign problems as well as by cancer
3. CA raised result always means prostate cancer
4. DIt is only raised in women with bladder cancer

Which long-term risk should a kidney transplant recipient be taught to reduce with sun protection?

1. AKidney stones
2. BHair loss
3. CSkin cancer
4. DGout

A nurse teaches a woman with recurrent UTIs. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will drink enough fluids during the day."
2. B"I will pass urine soon after sex."
3. C"I will wipe from front to back."
4. D"I will hold my urine for as long as I can."

An 84-year-old man became more confused a week after starting oxybutynin. Infection has been ruled out. What should the nurse suspect?

1. AA sign that the drug dose is too low
2. BAnticholinergic side effects of the drug
3. CA symptom of a high potassium from the drug
4. DNormal ageing that needs no review