Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Apakah pertolongan cemas yang betul semasa sawan tonik-klonik umum?

1. AMelapik kepala, merekod tempoh sawan dan tidak meletakkan apa-apa dalam mulut
2. BMeletakkan sudu atau saluran udara plastik di antara gigi secepat mungkin
3. CMenahan lengan dan kaki dengan kuat sehingga sentakan berhenti
4. DMendudukkan orang itu tegak dan memberikan teguk air untuk mencegah tercekik

What is diabetic gastroparesis?

1. ASlow emptying of the stomach due to nerve damage
2. BA stomach ulcer caused by long-term metformin use
3. CInflammation of the pancreas from high glucose
4. DA blockage of the small bowel by scar tissue

Seorang pesakit dengan fistula AV berkata ia tidak lagi “berdengung”. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat?

1. AMenenangkan mereka bahawa ini normal pada waktu malam
2. BMengenakan bebat ketat untuk memulakan semula aliran
3. CMengukur tekanan darah pada lengan itu untuk menyemak aliran
4. DMelaporkannya dengan segera: fistula mungkin telah berbekuan

Why are patients with an acute spinal cord injury at high risk of deep vein thrombosis?

1. AThey usually take oestrogen as part of their treatment
2. BThe injury makes the blood too thin to clot properly in the veins
3. CParalysed leg muscles no longer pump blood back to the heart
4. DSpinal injuries always damage the large veins of the legs

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. AA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
2. BA sign that the dose is too low
3. CLiver toxicity from valproate
4. DDehydration from drinking too little

Which long-term risk should a kidney transplant recipient be taught to reduce with sun protection?

1. ASkin cancer
2. BKidney stones
3. CGout
4. DHair loss

On day 6 after a subarachnoid haemorrhage, a patient becomes newly confused and develops weakness in one arm. The aneurysm was secured on day 1. What is the most likely cause?

1. ARe-bleeding from the secured aneurysm
2. BHypoglycaemia from reduced eating
3. CNormal tiredness after major surgery
4. DDelayed cerebral ischaemia from vasospasm

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. AHypoactive delirium
2. BSimple low mood about being in hospital
3. CNormal tiredness after an operation
4. DThe start of Alzheimer's disease