Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is diabetic gastroparesis?

1. AInflammation of the pancreas from high glucose
2. BA stomach ulcer caused by long-term metformin use
3. CSlow emptying of the stomach due to nerve damage
4. DA blockage of the small bowel by scar tissue

Which side effect is common when starting a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide?

1. AA dry cough
2. BWeight gain
3. CHair growth
4. DNausea

Which symptoms in a patient with back pain suggest cauda equina syndrome?

1. APain that is worse after a long day at work
2. BBack pain that eases when walking around the house
3. CNumbness between the legs and new bladder problems
4. DMild stiffness in the morning that soon wears off

Set keputusan manakah yang paling menyokong DKA dan bukan HHS?

1. AOsmolaliti sangat tinggi dengan keton jejak sahaja dalam darah
2. BKeton tinggi, pH di bawah 7.3 dan bikarbonat rendah
3. CGlukosa melebihi 30 mmol/L dengan pH normal
4. DKeton normal dan bikarbonat normal

Seorang pesakit insufisiensi adrenal primer mengalami demam. Apakah nasihat hari sakit yang biasa untuk penggantian steroid?

1. AMengekalkan dos biasa dan mengelak minum cecair tambahan buat sementara
2. BMengurangkan dos separuh untuk mengurangkan kesan sampingan
3. CMeningkatkan dos glukokortikoid, selalunya menggandakannya
4. DMenghentikan steroid sehingga demam reda

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. AAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors
2. BSkip a dose on days without any warning signs
3. CKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time
4. DDrink coffee in the evening to stay alert

A patient with an acute stroke has a glucose of 15 mmol/L (270 mg/dL). They do not have known diabetes. What is appropriate?

1. AReport it and monitor glucose, as it can worsen outcome
2. BIgnore it, because stress always raises glucose
3. CStop all IV fluids to lower the glucose
4. DGive glucose gel to stabilise the level

A drowsy patient's glucose meter shows "HI". What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord "normal" in the notes because no number appears
2. BGive glucose gel in case the reading is wrong
3. CTreat it as very high, check ketones and escalate
4. DAssume the meter is broken and recheck tomorrow