Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

How does glucagon raise blood glucose?

1. AIt adds glucose directly into the bloodstream
2. BIt makes the liver release stored glucose
3. CIt blocks the absorption of glucose in muscle
4. DIt stops the kidneys losing glucose in urine

Which cranial nerves are mainly involved in the gag reflex?

1. AOculomotor (III) and abducens (VI)
2. BTrigeminal (V) and facial (VII)
3. CGlossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)
4. DOlfactory (I) and optic (II)

Which is a common effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment?

1. AWeight loss and a slim face
2. BLow blood glucose
3. CA lower risk of infections
4. DThinning of the bones

Apakah pencetus paling lazim disrefleksia autonomi pada pesakit dengan kecederaan saraf tunjang?

1. APundi kencing penuh atau kateter tersumbat
2. BHidangan besar yang dimakan terlalu cepat pada waktu malam
3. CTempoh tidur yang panjang
4. DAras glukosa darah yang rendah

A patient is starting lamotrigine. Which teaching point is most important?

1. AReport any skin rash promptly, especially in the first weeks
2. BDouble the dose if a seizure happens
3. CTake it with a glass of grapefruit juice to improve its absorption
4. DExpect an orange tint to tears and urine

After transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, which advice should the patient follow?

1. ADrink through a straw to keep the nose clean
2. BAvoid blowing the nose, straining and bending forward
3. CLie completely flat for at least a week after surgery
4. DBlow the nose often to clear any clots

A kidney transplant recipient has had vomiting and diarrhoea for two days. Why should the transplant team be contacted?

1. AThe kidney will start to produce far too much urine
2. BThe tablets will make the vomiting stop
3. CThe patient may not be absorbing their immunosuppressants
4. DVomiting proves that rejection has already happened

Why may nitrofurantoin be avoided in an older patient with significantly reduced kidney function?

1. AIt cannot be taken with food in kidney disease
2. BIt turns the urine red in kidney disease
3. CIt cures kidney disease too quickly
4. DIt works less well and is more likely to be toxic