Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Which side effect is common when starting a GLP-1 receptor agonist such as semaglutide?

1. AHair growth
2. BA dry cough
3. CNausea
4. DWeight gain

Which statement about Huntington's disease is correct?

1. AIt mainly affects children under the age of five years
2. BIt is inherited and causes involuntary jerky movements
3. CIt is caused by a bacterial infection of the brain
4. DIt is cured by levodopa

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AFlattened T waves
2. BA shortened PR interval
3. CProminent U waves
4. DTall, peaked T waves

A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?

1. AThrough the nose (nasogastric)
2. BThrough a fine-bore nasal tube
3. CThrough the nose with a guidewire
4. DThrough the mouth (orogastric)

A patient on peritoneal dialysis has gained weight and has higher glucose levels. Which part of the treatment is the likely cause?

1. AProtein lost into the dialysis fluid
2. BSodium lost into the dialysis fluid
3. CAir entering the abdomen during exchanges
4. DGlucose absorbed from the dialysis fluid

A patient with advanced CKD asks how to manage indigestion. Which option should they avoid?

1. AAvoiding large meals late in the evening
2. BEating smaller, more frequent meals
3. CRaising the head of the bed at night
4. DMagnesium-containing antacids

A patient with acute glomerulonephritis has a BP of 190/115 mmHg, a severe headache and blurred vision. Which is the priority?

1. AGive extra oral fluids to correct the low urine output
2. BUrgent escalation for BP control and close neuro checks
3. CEncourage a walk to relieve the headache
4. DRecheck the BP at the next routine round

A patient with SIADH needs IV fluid. Which fluid is most likely to worsen the hyponatraemia?

1. A3% saline
2. B5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
3. C20% human albumin
4. D8.4% sodium bicarbonate