Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

1. AJust under the skin of the arm
2. BIn the chest, next to the heart
3. CIn the original kidney position at the back
4. DIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa

Which ECG change is typical of hyperkalaemia?

1. AProminent U waves
2. BFlattened T waves
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DA shortened PR interval

A stroke affects the anterior cerebral artery. Which weakness pattern is most typical?

1. AThe same side of the body is weak
2. BBoth legs are weak with normal arms
3. CThe opposite arm and face are weaker than the leg
4. DThe opposite leg is weaker than the arm

Mengapakah pesakit ditimbang sebelum dan selepas setiap sesi hemodialisis?

1. AKerana mesin tidak boleh dimulakan tanpa berat
2. BUntuk melihat berapa banyak cecair disingkirkan dan memandu berat kering
3. CUntuk mengira dos setiap ubat untuk minggu yang akan datang
4. DUntuk menyemak penurunan berat badan akibat malnutrisi

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
2. BTo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal
3. CTo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
4. DTo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on

Which group of drugs is a well-known cause of SIADH and hyponatraemia, especially in older people?

1. APenicillin antibiotics
2. BSSRI antidepressants
3. CProton pump inhibitors
4. DBulk-forming laxatives

Why may nitrofurantoin be avoided in an older patient with significantly reduced kidney function?

1. AIt turns the urine red in kidney disease
2. BIt works less well and is more likely to be toxic
3. CIt cannot be taken with food in kidney disease
4. DIt cures kidney disease too quickly

A nurse teaches a patient about peritoneal dialysis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will weigh myself daily and record my fluid balance."
2. B"I will check my exit site every day."
3. C"I will wash my hands carefully before each exchange."
4. D"If the fluid is cloudy, I'll see if it clears next time."