Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

In countries with enough iodine in the diet, what is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

1. AAutoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's)
2. BA pituitary tumour pressing on the gland
3. CToo much iodine in salt
4. DThyroid cancer

What is urge incontinence?

1. ALeaking because the toilet is too far away
2. BA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking
3. CLeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects
4. DDribbling because the bladder never empties

Apakah maksud kecederaan buah pinggang akut (AKI)?

1. ABatu karang buah pinggang tanpa sebarang perubahan fungsi
2. BPenurunan pantas fungsi buah pinggang dalam beberapa jam hingga hari
3. CJangkitan bakteria pada tisu buah pinggang
4. DKehilangan fungsi buah pinggang yang perlahan dan kekal selama bertahun-tahun

A patient taking sodium valproate becomes tired and is vomiting, and the nurse notices yellowing of the eyes. What is the main concern?

1. ADehydration from drinking too little
2. BLiver toxicity from valproate
3. CA normal adjustment reaction to the drug
4. DA sign that the dose is too low

Which group of problems is typical of primary hyperparathyroidism?

1. AHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhoea
2. BKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and low mood
3. CHair loss, weight gain and feeling cold
4. DMuscle cramps, tingling lips and seizures

A conscious patient with a glucose of 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) can swallow safely. Which is the best first treatment?

1. AA chocolate bar and a cup of tea with milk
2. BGlucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice
3. CA glass of milk and two plain biscuits
4. DA dose of rapid-acting insulin with a sandwich

A patient who has taken prednisolone daily for years is vomiting and cannot keep tablets down. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the tablets again after every vomit
2. BGive the next dose with a glass of milk
3. CEscalate urgently for steroid by injection
4. DOmit the steroid until the vomiting stops

A patient on warfarin starts levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. What should the nurse expect to monitor more closely?

1. AThe INR, because it may rise
2. BThe blood glucose, because it may fall
3. CThe urine output, because it may stop
4. DThe potassium, because it may rise