Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

What is diabetic gastroparesis?

1. ASlow emptying of the stomach due to nerve damage
2. BA stomach ulcer caused by long-term metformin use
3. CA blockage of the small bowel by scar tissue
4. DInflammation of the pancreas from high glucose

What is exophthalmos?

1. AYellowing of the eyes
2. BDrooping of one eyelid
3. CLoss of the outer eyebrows
4. DBulging of the eyes

Ciri manakah yang tipikal bagi penyakit Addison (insufisiensi adrenal primer)?

1. APertambahan berat badan, tekanan darah tinggi dan tanda regang ungu
2. BKeletihan, penurunan berat badan, tekanan darah rendah dan kulit gelap
3. CTidak tahan panas, gegaran dan mata menonjol
4. DNatrium darah tinggi dan kalium darah rendah

Which finding most suggests fluid overload in a patient with chronic kidney disease?

1. AA weight gain of 2 kg (4.4 lb) in two days with ankle swelling
2. BA dry mouth and a low blood pressure when standing
3. CDark yellow urine and thirst
4. DA weight loss of 1 kg (2.2 lb) after a hot day

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
2. BTo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on
3. CTo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
4. DTo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal

Mengapakah kalium mesti dipantau dengan teliti apabila insulin IV diberikan untuk DKA?

1. AInsulin menyebabkan buah pinggang mengekalkan kalium, jadi aras akan meningkat
2. BInsulin memindahkan kalium ke dalam sel, jadi aras boleh jatuh dengan cepat
3. CInsulin memecahkan kalium dalam aliran darah
4. DInsulin tidak mempunyai kesan terhadap kalium dalam DKA

Two days after a spinal cord injury, a patient has a swollen abdomen, no bowel sounds and is vomiting. What is most likely, and what is the nursing action?

1. AParalytic ileus, so keep nil by mouth and prepare for an NG tube
2. BA full bladder, so encourage oral fluids
3. CAn allergic reaction to food, so give an antihistamine
4. DNormal constipation, so give a large meal to stimulate the bowel

Two days after surgery, an 80-year-old woman is quiet, sleepy, slow to answer and eating little. Her daughter says she is "not herself". What should the nurse suspect?

1. AThe start of Alzheimer's disease
2. BHypoactive delirium
3. CNormal tiredness after an operation
4. DSimple low mood about being in hospital