Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AKidney pain lasting more than a week
2. BAny single raised creatinine result
3. CAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months
4. DA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery

How is the pain of renal colic typically described?

1. AA dull ache in the lower back after lifting
2. BSevere pain that comes in waves from the loin to the groin
3. CPain in the right lower abdomen that started near the navel
4. DBurning pain in the chest after meals

Which symptoms are typical of uraemia in advanced kidney disease?

1. AItching, nausea, tiredness and poor appetite
2. BHeat intolerance, tremor and weight loss
3. CExcess thirst with a very high glucose
4. DSevere flank pain with visible blood in the urine

After transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, which advice should the patient follow?

1. AAvoid blowing the nose, straining and bending forward
2. BLie completely flat for at least a week after surgery
3. CDrink through a straw to keep the nose clean
4. DBlow the nose often to clear any clots

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. ABeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
2. BA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
3. CAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
4. DThe order of the two drugs makes no difference

A patient with untreated hyperthyroidism is losing weight. Which diet is most appropriate until the condition is controlled?

1. AA strict low-protein diet
2. BA low-calorie diet to protect the heart
3. CA high-calorie diet with enough protein
4. DA diet very high in caffeine for energy

A 66-year-old smoker has had two episodes of painless red urine. Urine cultures are negative. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AReassure him, because the blood has stopped
2. BUrgent referral for cystoscopy and imaging
3. CAdvise more fluids and review in a year
4. DAnother course of antibiotics for a UTI

Selepas tiroidektomi total, seorang pesakit menjadi cemas dengan stridor dan bengkak tegang di leher. Apakah yang patut dilakukan oleh jururawat dahulu?

1. AMeminta pesakit bercakap sebanyak mungkin untuk menguji suara
2. BMemberikan analgesia dan menilai semula bengkak dalam sejam
3. CMeletakkan paket ais pada leher dan membaringkan pesakit mendatar
4. DMemanggil bantuan kecemasan: hematoma mungkin menekan saluran udara