Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

How should a patient collect a midstream urine sample?

1. ALet the first part go in the toilet, then catch the middle
2. BCollect urine from the toilet bowl afterwards
3. CCollect the very first drops into the container
4. DCollect urine over 24 hours into one bottle

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer?

1. ASmoking
2. BFrequent urinary infections in childhood
3. CDrinking a lot of water
4. DA diet high in fruit

Which is a common cause of a low potassium level?

1. ATaking a loop diuretic such as furosemide
2. BAddison's disease
3. CAdvanced chronic kidney disease
4. DTaking an ACE inhibitor such as ramipril

A patient with a suspected basal skull fracture needs a gastric tube. Which route is preferred?

1. AThrough a fine-bore nasal tube
2. BThrough the nose (nasogastric)
3. CThrough the mouth (orogastric)
4. DThrough the nose with a guidewire

During continuous bladder irrigation, 3200 mL drains out in a shift. 2500 mL of irrigation fluid was put in. What is the true urine output?

1. A3200 mL
2. B700 mL
3. C5700 mL
4. D2500 mL

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AInsulin should be kept on a sunny windowsill to stay warm
2. BUnopened insulin goes in the fridge and must never be frozen
3. CInsulin that has been frozen can be used once it has thawed
4. DAll insulin must be stored in the freezer to keep it stable

Three days after a stroke, a patient with dysphagia on a modified diet has a temperature of 38.2 °C (100.8 °F), a respiratory rate of 24/min and crackles at the right lung base. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage more fluids by mouth to treat the fever
2. BSuspect aspiration pneumonia, stop oral intake and escalate for review
3. CRecord the findings and recheck them at the next routine observation
4. DGive paracetamol (acetaminophen) and continue the modified diet as before

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia has lost weight and has poor oral hygiene. Which plan is most appropriate?

1. AEncourage hard, crunchy foods to strengthen the jaw muscles
2. BOffer soft, lukewarm food and advise chewing on the unaffected side
3. CTell the patient to stop brushing their teeth completely
4. DAdvise very hot drinks to relax the facial nerves