Lembaran kerja Perubatan-pembedahan: neurologi, endokrin & renal dengan jawapan

Apakah maksud kecederaan buah pinggang akut (AKI)?

1. AJangkitan bakteria pada tisu buah pinggang
2. BKehilangan fungsi buah pinggang yang perlahan dan kekal selama bertahun-tahun
3. CBatu karang buah pinggang tanpa sebarang perubahan fungsi
4. DPenurunan pantas fungsi buah pinggang dalam beberapa jam hingga hari

Which symptoms are classic for high blood glucose?

1. AShaking, sweating and a racing heart
2. BWeight gain, feeling cold all the time and dry skin
3. CJoint pain, morning stiffness and fever
4. DPassing a lot of urine, thirst and weight loss

How is chronic kidney disease defined?

1. AAny single raised creatinine result
2. BA sudden rise in creatinine over 48 hours after surgery
3. CKidney pain lasting more than a week
4. DAbnormal kidney function or structure for over 3 months

Why is all urine strained in a patient with suspected kidney stones?

1. ATo stop the stone from blocking the toilet
2. BTo measure the urine volume more accurately
3. CTo catch the stone so it can be analysed
4. DTo remove blood clots before testing

Pesakit yang mengambil fenitoin jangka panjang patut diajar tentang kesan sampingan yang mana?

1. AKeguguran rambut di kulit kepala pada hampir setiap pesakit
2. BKehilangan pendengaran yang beransur-ansur dan kekal
3. CPenurunan berat badan dan tidak tahan panas
4. DPertumbuhan gusi berlebihan, jadi kebersihan mulut yang baik penting

In the first trimester of pregnancy, why is propylthiouracil often preferred to carbimazole for hyperthyroidism?

1. APropylthiouracil has no side effects at all
2. BPropylthiouracil works faster than any other drug
3. CCarbimazole has a higher risk of birth defects early on
4. DCarbimazole cannot cross into the mother's blood

A patient with an insulin pump is admitted with nausea, a glucose of 19 mmol/L (342 mg/dL) and blood ketones of 3.1 mmol/L. What is the priority?

1. ADisconnect the pump and give no insulin until the ketones clear
2. BGive an antiemetic only, because nausea is causing the high glucose
3. CSuspect failed insulin delivery and give insulin by another route
4. DIncrease the pump rate and recheck the ketones in 12 hours

A patient taking digoxin has a potassium of 2.9 mmol/L. Why is this especially dangerous?

1. ADigoxin stops working when potassium is low
2. BLow potassium makes digoxin leave the body faster
3. CLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
4. DDigoxin raises the potassium to dangerous levels