Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

Fibrates such as fenofibrate mainly lower which blood lipid?

1. AHDL cholesterol
2. BBile acids
3. CLipoprotein(a) only
4. DTriglycerides

Benzodiazepin seperti diazepam berfungsi dengan meningkatkan kesan neurotransmiter yang mana?

1. ANoradrenalin
2. BSerotonin
3. CGABA
4. DGlutamat

Giving a patient immunoglobulin after exposure to an infection provides which type of immunity?

1. APassive immunity
2. BActive immunity
3. CHerd immunity
4. DInnate immunity

Jenis diuretik manakah yang bertindak pada anggota naik tebal gelung Henle?

1. ADiuretik tiazid
2. BDiuretik osmotik
3. CDiuretik penjimat kalium
4. DDiuretik gelung seperti furosemid

Why is IV promethazine given with great caution?

1. AIt can cause severe tissue injury if it leaks or enters an artery
2. BIt is a strong opioid that causes addiction
3. CIt causes immediate kidney failure
4. DIt causes a severe rise in blood pressure when it is given intravenously

Bagaimanakah heparin menghasilkan kesan antikoagulan?

1. AIa meningkatkan antitrombin, yang menyahaktifkan trombin dan faktor Xa
2. BIa menyekat sintesis faktor pembekuan dalam hati yang bergantung pada vitamin K
3. CIa memecahkan fibrin dalam bekuan sedia ada
4. DIa merencat COX-1 platelet secara tak berbalik

A ventilated ICU patient receives vecuronium, a neuromuscular blocker. Why must sedation and pain relief also be given?

1. AVecuronium causes severe pain at the injection site
2. BSedatives are needed to prevent vecuronium from causing seizures and agitation
3. CVecuronium stops working unless a sedative is also given
4. DNeuromuscular blockers paralyse muscles but do not cause sedation or analgesia

Carboprost is a prostaglandin used for postpartum haemorrhage. In which woman should it be avoided?

1. AA woman who had a vaginal birth
2. BA woman with iron deficiency anaemia
3. CA woman with asthma
4. DA woman who is breastfeeding