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Nama: ____________________ Tarikh: ____________
1.Mudah
Apakah yang diterangkan oleh "bioketersediaan"?
APecahan dos yang terikat kepada protein plasma dalam peredaran
BBetapa kuat ubat mengikat reseptornya
CPecahan dos yang sampai ke peredaran sistemik tanpa berubah
DBetapa cepat ubat dirembeskan
2.Mudah
Methylphenidate, used in ADHD, belongs to which class?
ACentral nervous system stimulants
BOpioid analgesics
CBenzodiazepines
DAntipsychotics (dopamine blockers)
3.Mudah
How does rasagiline help in Parkinson's disease?
AIt inhibits MAO-B, so brain dopamine is broken down more slowly
BIt is converted directly into dopamine inside brain neurones
CIt blocks dopamine receptors in the brain
DIt blocks acetylcholine receptors in the gut
4.Sederhana
A patient with a fentanyl patch is given home-care advice. Which instruction is correct?
AApply each new patch over the same skin area
BCut the patch in half if the pain is mild
CThrow used patches loose into the household bin with the packaging
DAvoid heating pads, hot baths and saunas over or near the patch
5.Sederhana
Which group of effects would the nurse expect after a dose of an anticholinergic drug such as atropine?
AHeavy salivation, slow heart rate and small pupils
BDry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
CDiarrhoea, frequent urination and sweating
DBronchial secretions, wheeze and tearing of the eyes
6.Sederhana
Which advice helps reduce the most common side effect of varenicline?
ATake it after food with a full glass of water
BTake double doses in the first week
CTake it on an empty stomach at bedtime with a little milk
DTake it with alcohol to reduce nausea
7.Sukar
Bencana talidomid pada penghujung 1950-an dan awal 1960-an paling terkenal kerana kesan yang mana, dan apakah yang diakibatkannya?
AKegagalan hati pada orang dewasa; larangan semua sedatif
BSerangan jantung pada warga emas; bermulanya ubat generik
CPekak pada kanak-kanak; berakhirnya ujian haiwan
DKecacatan anggota yang teruk pada bayi; ujian dan peraturan ubat yang lebih ketat
8.Sukar
A patient with HIV has a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3. Which prophylaxis is usually started?
AFluconazole to prevent urinary and skin infections
BCo-trimoxazole to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
CIsoniazid to prevent hepatitis B
DOseltamivir to prevent influenza
Kunci jawapan
1. C · Pecahan dos yang sampai ke peredaran sistemik tanpa berubah
2. A · Central nervous system stimulants
3. A · It inhibits MAO-B, so brain dopamine is broken down more slowly
4. D · Avoid heating pads, hot baths and saunas over or near the patch
5. B · Dry mouth, faster heart rate and dilated pupils
6. A · Take it after food with a full glass of water
7. D · Kecacatan anggota yang teruk pada bayi; ujian dan peraturan ubat yang lebih ketat
8. B · Co-trimoxazole to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
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