Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

Baclofen is used mainly to treat:

1. AMuscle spasticity, for example in multiple sclerosis
2. BAcid reflux and heartburn
3. CBacterial infections of the skin
4. DHigh blood pressure in pregnancy and pre-eclampsia

What is the normal serum sodium range in adults?

1. A3.5–5.0 mmol/L
2. B95–105 mmol/L
3. C135–145 mmol/L
4. D150–165 mmol/L

What is drug synergism?

1. AOne drug cancels out the effect of another drug
2. BA drug loses its effect after repeated doses
3. CTwo drugs together produce exactly the sum of their separate effects
4. DTwo drugs together have a greater effect than the sum of each alone

Menggabungkan SSRI dengan ubat manakah yang paling meningkatkan risiko sindrom serotonin?

1. AParasetamol
2. BAmoksisilin
3. COmeprazol
4. DPerencat monoamina oksidase

How should the nurse straighten the ear canal to give ear drops to a 2-year-old child?

1. APull the pinna down and back
2. BPush the pinna forward and up
3. CPull the pinna up and back
4. DLeave the ear untouched and drop into the canal

Bagaimanakah gliseril trinitrat (GTN) melegakan angina?

1. AIa meningkatkan daya pengecutan supaya jantung mengepam darah dengan lebih cekap
2. BIa melarutkan bekuan dalam arteri koronari
3. CIa menyekat reseptor beta-1 dan memperlahankan jantung
4. DIa membebaskan nitrik oksida, terutamanya mengembangkan vena dan mengurangkan beban kerja jantung

During general anaesthesia with a volatile agent and suxamethonium (succinylcholine), a patient develops muscle rigidity, rising end-tidal CO₂ and a fast-rising temperature. Which drug is the specific treatment?

1. ANaloxone
2. BParacetamol
3. CNeostigmine
4. DDantrolene

A patient receives high-dose IV aciclovir for herpes encephalitis. Which nursing action reduces the main risk to the kidneys?

1. ARestrict oral and IV fluids to prevent brain swelling
2. BGive the infusion as a rapid push
3. CKeep the patient well hydrated and give the infusion slowly
4. DGive a loop diuretic before each dose