Lembaran kerja Farmakologi dengan jawapan

Which effect is common and harmless with oral iron tablets?

1. AYellow discoloration of the eyes
2. BDark or black stools
3. CRed-coloured urine
4. DBlue tint to the lips

Timolol eye drops are used mainly to treat:

1. AGlaucoma
2. BDry eyes
3. CBacterial conjunctivitis
4. DCataracts

Which vitamin reverses the effect of warfarin?

1. AVitamin C
2. BVitamin E
3. CVitamin B12
4. DVitamin K

Which statement about allopurinol is correct?

1. AIt is taken only during an acute attack and stopped as soon as the pain settles
2. BIt works within an hour to relieve joint pain
3. CIt lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
4. DIt increases uric acid production to flush out crystals

Vankomisin intravena lazimnya digunakan untuk merawat jangkitan yang disebabkan oleh:

1. AEscherichia coli
2. BPseudomonas aeruginosa
3. CMRSA
4. DCandida albicans

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
2. BGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
3. CGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk
4. DGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol

A patient on long-term lithium passes large amounts of dilute urine and is always thirsty. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ALithium blocks the kidney's response to ADH (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
2. BLithium causes type 1 diabetes by destroying the pancreatic beta cells
3. CLithium increases ADH release from the pituitary
4. DThe patient is drinking too much and lithium is unrelated

Menggabungkan beberapa ubat yang memanjangkan selang QT meningkatkan risiko aritmia yang mengancam nyawa yang mana?

1. ABlok jantung darjah pertama
2. BFibrilasi atrium
3. CTorsades de pointes
4. DTakikardia sinus