Werkblad Laboratoriumwaarden en elektrolyten met antwoorden

Why can bilirubin appear in the urine in obstructive jaundice but not in hemolytic jaundice?

1. AThe kidneys are always damaged in obstructive jaundice
2. BUnconjugated bilirubin is broken down in the bladder
3. COnly conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and filtered
4. DHemolysis stops the kidneys making any urine at all

Thrombocytopenia is usually defined as a platelet count below:

1. A15 × 10³/µL (15 × 10⁹/L)
2. B450 × 10³/µL (450 × 10⁹/L)
3. C150 × 10³/µL (150 × 10⁹/L)
4. D1,000 × 10³/µL (1,000 × 10⁹/L)

What is a typical adult reference range for serum chloride?

1. AAbout 135–145 mEq/L
2. BAbout 3,5–5,0 mEq/L
3. CAbout 22–28 mEq/L
4. DAbout 98–106 mEq/L

A patient with central diabetes insipidus starts desmopressin. Which laboratory result is most important to monitor for an adverse effect?

1. ASerum sodium, which may fall too low
2. BSerum calcium, which may rise too high
3. CSerum glucose, which may rise very high
4. DSerum potassium, which may rise too high

In the third trimester of pregnancy, a woman's alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is about twice the usual adult range, and the other liver tests are normal. What is the best interpretation?

1. AA sign of new bone cancer
2. BA sign of acute viral hepatitis
3. CA sign of blocked bile ducts
4. DA normal rise from placental ALP

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
2. BFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues
3. CFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days
4. DFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet

Een patiënt met diabetische ketoacidose krijgt een intraveneuze insulineinfusie. Welke laboratoriumwaarde moet bijzonder nauwlettend worden bewaakt?

1. AAlbumine, omdat insuline ervoor zorgt dat de lever de aanmaak stopt
2. BKalium, omdat insuline het de cellen in verplaatst en het snel kan dalen
3. CHemoglobine, omdat insuline rode bloedcellen afbreekt
4. DNatrium, omdat insuline ervoor zorgt dat de nieren zeer grote hoeveelheden uitscheiden

At the start of a shift, the nurse reviews four new results. Which patient needs attention first?

1. APotassium 5,2 mEq/L in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
2. BSodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting
3. CHemoglobin 11,0 g/dL (110 g/L) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
4. DGlucose 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) after a meal in a patient with diabetes