Werkblad Laboratoriumwaarden en elektrolyten met antwoorden

For many non-pregnant adults with diabetes, which HbA1c target is commonly recommended?

1. ABelow 7% (53 mmol/mol)
2. BAbove 9% (75 mmol/mol)
3. CBelow 10% (86 mmol/mol)
4. DBelow 4% (20 mmol/mol)

Een serumkalium van 5,9 mEq/L heet:

1. AHypercalciëmie
2. BHypernatriëmie
3. CHypokaliëmie
4. DHyperkaliëmie

What is the usual target INR for a patient taking warfarin for a deep vein thrombosis?

1. A2,0–3,0
2. B0,8–1,2
3. C1,0–1,5
4. D4,0–5,0

A patient taking spironolactone asks about using a salt substitute. What should the nurse explain?

1. ASalt substitutes are safe because they contain only sodium chloride
2. BSalt substitutes protect against the potassium loss caused by this drug
3. CSalt substitutes are fine as long as the patient drinks more water
4. DMost salt substitutes contain potassium and can raise the level too high

A patient with hyperkalemia is prescribed an oral potassium binder such as patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. How does this drug lower potassium?

1. AIt binds potassium in the gut so it leaves in the stool
2. BIt protects the heart muscle against high potassium levels
3. CIt stops the kidneys from absorbing water in the tubules
4. DIt moves potassium into cells in the next few minutes

A patient with hyponatremia from SIADH starts tolvaptan. Why is the serum sodium checked frequently in the first day?

1. AThe sodium always falls further
2. BThe sodium can rise too quickly
3. CThe drug lowers blood glucose sharply
4. DThe drug causes severe hyperkalemia

A patient with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis has a hemoglobin of 10,5 g/dL (105 g/L), a low serum iron, a low total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and a high-normal ferritin. Which condition fits best?

1. AAcute blood loss anemia
2. BIron-deficiency anemia
3. CVitamin B₁₂ deficiency anemia
4. DAnemia of chronic disease (inflammation)

A patient has painless jaundice, itching, dark urine and pale stools. ALP is markedly raised, conjugated (direct) bilirubin is high and ALT is only mildly raised. What is the most likely cause?

1. ABlockage of bile flow, for example by a tumor in the bile duct
2. BAcute viral hepatitis with widespread liver cell damage
3. CIncreased breakdown of red blood cells (hemolytic anemia)
4. DGilbert syndrome, a harmless inherited bilirubin disorder