Werkblad Laboratoriumwaarden en elektrolyten met antwoorden

Waar wijst een positieve ketonentest in bloed of urine vooral op?

1. AHet lichaam breekt vet af als brandstof, zoals bij insulinetekort of uithongering
2. BDe nieren lekken eiwit in de urine
3. CDe patiënt heeft een urineweginfectie
4. DDe lever maakt te veel bilirubine aan

What is the typical range of urine pH?

1. AAbout 7,35–7,45
2. BAbout 9,0–11,0
3. CAbout 4,5–8,0
4. DAbout 1,0–2,0

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency typically causes which type of anemia?

1. AMacrocytic anemia, with large red cells
2. BHemolytic anemia, with destroyed red cells
3. CMicrocytic anemia, with small red cells
4. DAplastic anemia, with an empty bone marrow

A patient with schizophrenia is starting clozapine. Which laboratory value must be monitored regularly?

1. AInternational normalized ratio
2. BAbsolute neutrophil count
3. CSerum amylase
4. DSerum lithium level

A urine culture is ordered for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. How should the nurse collect the sample?

1. AAspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe
2. BRemove the catheter and culture the catheter tip
3. CPour urine from the drainage bag into a sterile cup
4. DDisconnect the catheter from the tubing and let it drain

Why is a blood β-hydroxybutyrate level often preferred to a urine ketone dipstick in DKA?

1. AIt measures the main ketone in DKA, and the dipstick may miss it
2. BThe urine dipstick only detects ketones in people without diabetes
3. CIt is the only test that can measure glucose and ketones together
4. DIt shows the average ketone level over the past three months

A patient admitted with heavy alcohol use and malnutrition has a glucose of 52 mg/dL (2,9 mmol/L) and low magnesium. Which prescribed treatment should be given before the IV glucose?

1. AIV potassium
2. BOral iron
3. CIV insulin
4. DIV thiamine

A woman who is 34 weeks pregnant has high blood pressure, right upper abdominal pain, a platelet count of 70 × 10³/µL, raised ALT and AST, and a raised LDH. Which condition fits best?

1. AHELLP syndrome
2. BPhysiologic anemia of pregnancy
3. CAcute cholecystitis
4. DGestational diabetes