Werkblad Laboratoriumwaarden en elektrolyten met antwoorden

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. ASodium and its anions
2. BGlucose in plasma
3. CPlasma albumin
4. DUrea (from BUN)

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this most likely show?

1. AKetones produced from fat breakdown in fasting
2. BRed blood cells leaking from the glomeruli
3. CGlucose spilling into the urine from high blood levels
4. DBacteria in the urine that convert nitrate to nitrite

A patient has a hemoglobin of 19,5 g/dL (195 g/L) and a hematocrit of 58%. Which term describes this?

1. AIron-deficiency anemia
2. BPancytopenia (all cells low)
3. CThrombocytopenia (low platelets)
4. DPolycythemia (erythrocytosis)

A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?

1. AA high serum calcium
2. BA low serum sodium
3. CA low serum magnesium
4. DA high serum potassium

How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?

1. AHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day
2. BSave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night
3. CSave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day
4. DCollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning

A patient is starting dabigatran, a direct oral anticoagulant. Which laboratory test is most important to review before the first dose?

1. AINR, to set the dose of the anticoagulant
2. BKidney function (creatinine clearance)
3. CTSH, to rule out an overactive thyroid gland
4. DLipase, to rule out an inflamed pancreas first

A patient on high-dose dexamethasone has a white cell count of 15 × 10³/µL, mostly mature neutrophils with no bands. They have no fever and no signs of infection. What is the most likely explanation?

1. ACertain sepsis that needs antibiotics started without delay
2. BA steroid effect that moves neutrophils into the circulating blood
3. CA laboratory error, because steroids always lower the white count
4. DA new leukemia that is confirmed by this result alone

The nurse teaches a patient with thrombocytopenia (platelets 25 × 10³/µL) about home safety. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll use a soft-bristled toothbrush"
2. B"I'll take aspirin if I get a headache"
3. C"I'll use an electric razor to shave"
4. D"I'll blow my nose gently, not forcefully"