Werkblad Laboratoriumwaarden en elektrolyten met antwoorden

A raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is most typical of:

1. ABlocked bile flow or increased bone turnover
2. BLow production of hormone by the thyroid gland
3. CAcute damage to the heart muscle
4. DInflammation of the lining of the urinary bladder

A patient who has not eaten for 2 days has ketones in the urine. What is the most likely reason?

1. AThe liver is making too much glucose
2. BThe bladder has a bacterial infection
3. CThe body is burning fat for energy
4. DThe kidneys are leaking protein

What does normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) look like?

1. AThick and green
2. BPink and bloody
3. CCloudy and yellow
4. DClear and colorless

A patient with diabetes is found unconscious with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL (2,1 mmol/L). Which treatment is appropriate?

1. AGlucagon by injection, or IV dextrose as prescribed
2. BGlucose tablets placed between the patient's teeth
3. CA dose of rapid-acting insulin to stabilize the glucose
4. DOrange juice poured slowly into the patient's mouth

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5,8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. ATourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium
2. BThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
3. CFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher
4. DThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique

A urine culture is ordered for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. How should the nurse collect the sample?

1. ADisconnect the catheter from the tubing and let it drain
2. BPour urine from the drainage bag into a sterile cup
3. CAspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe
4. DRemove the catheter and culture the catheter tip

In the first 24 hours after a major burn, which laboratory pattern is most expected?

1. ALow sodium and low hematocrit
2. BHigh calcium and high albumin
3. CLow potassium and low hematocrit
4. DHigh potassium and high hematocrit

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has fever and abdominal tenderness. The ascitic fluid neutrophil count is 400 cells/mm³. What does this indicate?

1. ANormal ascitic fluid in cirrhosis
2. BBleeding into the abdominal cavity
3. CSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis
4. DMalignant ascites from cancer