Werkblad Laboratoriumwaarden en elektrolyten met antwoorden

In a person with HIV infection, a CD4 count below which level defines AIDS?

1. A1,000 cells/µL
2. B200 cells/µL
3. C50 cells/µL
4. D500 cells/µL

Which group of symptoms is linked to hypercalcemia ("stones, bones, groans and moans")?

1. AHeat intolerance, tremor, weight loss and diarrhea
2. BTetany, muscle cramps, tingling and seizures
3. CKidney stones, bone pain, abdominal pain and confusion
4. DJaundice, itching, pale stools and dark urine

Which hormone is measured in blood or urine to test for pregnancy?

1. AThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
2. BFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
3. CAntidiuretic hormone (ADH)
4. DHuman chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A young adult with new diabetes has a very low C-peptide level. What does this suggest?

1. AThe pancreas is making very little insulin, as in type 1 diabetes
2. BThe kidneys are excreting all of the patient's insulin in urine
3. CThe patient has high insulin resistance, as in type 2 diabetes
4. DThe patient is injecting too much insulin and needs a lower dose

A healthy woman at 28 weeks of pregnancy has a mildly lower hemoglobin than before pregnancy, with a normal MCV and ferritin. What is the most likely explanation?

1. APregnancy hormones stop the bone marrow from making red cells
2. BThe fetus is destroying the mother's red cells in the circulation
3. CIron is being lost through the kidneys during the pregnancy
4. DPlasma volume rises more than red cell mass, diluting the blood

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5,8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher
2. BTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium
3. CThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
4. DThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique

A patient with ongoing hemolytic anemia has an HbA1c of 4,6%, but home glucose readings are often 180–220 mg/dL (10–12 mmol/L). What best explains the gap?

1. AShort red cell life span lowers the HbA1c falsely
2. BHemolysis makes the HbA1c test read too high
3. CThe patient has true, well-controlled diabetes
4. DThe home glucose meter is reading falsely high

Een patiënt met een calcium van 6,8 mg/dL (1,7 mmol/L) krijgt plotseling luidruchtige ademhaling en een hese stem. Waar wijst dit op?

1. AAngst voor de bloeduitslagen, die kalme geruststelling vraagt
2. BLaryngospasme, een noodsituatie die dringende hulp en intraveneus calcium vraagt
3. CEen normale reactie die zonder behandeling overgaat
4. DEen gewone verkoudheid die vanochtend begon