Werkblad Laboratoriumwaarden en elektrolyten met antwoorden

What is a typical reference range for urine specific gravity in an adult?

1. AAbout 1,040–1,060
2. BAbout 0,900–0,990
3. CAbout 1,005–1,030
4. DAbout 1,100–1,300

Which substance contributes most to normal serum osmolality?

1. AGlucose in plasma
2. BUrea (from BUN)
3. CPlasma albumin
4. DSodium and its anions

What does a positive direct antiglobulin test (direct Coombs test) show?

1. AAntibodies or complement are attached to the patient's red cells
2. BThe patient's plasma is missing the clotting factor VIII
3. CThe patient's platelets are clumping together in the blood sample
4. DThe patient's red cells are too small and contain little hemoglobin

How does the nurse start a 24-hour urine collection at 08:00?

1. ACollect only the first urine passed on waking, and repeat this the next morning
2. BSave three samples spread across the day and discard all of the urine passed at night
3. CSave the 08:00 urine as the first sample, then collect until 08:00 the next day
4. DHave the patient void and discard that urine, then save all urine until 08:00 the next day

How should a patient collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample?

1. ACollect the very first urine of the stream directly in the sterile cup
2. BCollect urine from the toilet bowl after voiding into the toilet
3. CFill the cup completely, then add tap water if there is not enough
4. DClean the area, start voiding into the toilet, then catch the middle part

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5,8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. ATourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium
2. BFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher
3. CThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
4. DThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique

A patient without symptoms has a finger-stick glucose of 340 mg/dL (18,9 mmol/L). The previous values were normal, and the patient has just peeled an orange. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive a correction dose of insulin for a glucose of 340 mg/dL
2. BHave the patient wash and dry their hands, then repeat the test
3. CAsk the laboratory to measure HbA1c from the same drop of blood
4. DReport the result as a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

A patient with sepsis has the following new results. Which set best shows organ dysfunction?

1. APlatelets 70 × 10³/µL, creatinine doubled, bilirubin raised
2. BCalcium 9,4 mg/dL, phosphate 3,5 mg/dL, magnesium 1,9 mEq/L
3. CHemoglobin 12,5 g/dL, sodium 138 mEq/L, glucose 105 mg/dL
4. DWBC 11,5 × 10³/µL, potassium 4,2 mEq/L, albumin 3,8 g/dL