Werkblad Laboratoriumwaarden en elektrolyten met antwoorden

The HbA1c reflects the average blood glucose over about which period?

1. AThe past 1–2 weeks
2. BThe past 24 hours
3. CThe past 2–3 months
4. DThe past 1–2 years

Wat is een typisch referentiebereik voor serumfosfaat bij volwassenen?

1. AOngeveer 5,5–7,5 mg/dL (1,8–2,4 mmol/L)
2. BOngeveer 2,5–4,5 mg/dL (0,8–1,5 mmol/L)
3. COngeveer 0,5–1,5 mg/dL (0,2–0,5 mmol/L)
4. DOngeveer 8,5–10,5 mg/dL (2,1–2,6 mmol/L)

A serum sodium of 151 mEq/L is called:

1. AHypercalcemia
2. BHyponatremia
3. CHyperkalemia
4. DHypernatremia

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2,1 mmol/L on admission and 4,3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
2. BA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
3. CImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
4. DExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever

An older adult takes lisinopril and furosemide and recently started daily ibuprofen for knee pain. The creatinine has risen from 1,0 to 1,8 mg/dL (88 to 159 µmol/L). What is the most likely cause?

1. AThe NSAID reduces kidney blood flow on top of the other two drugs
2. BA laboratory error, since ibuprofen has no effect on the kidney
3. CMore activity has increased the patient's muscle mass quickly
4. DNormal aging of the kidneys over a period of a few weeks

A patient has a hot, swollen big toe. The serum uric acid is normal. Which statement is correct?

1. AGout is certain, as a normal urate proves the diagnosis
2. BGout is ruled out, as uric acid is always high in an attack
3. CGout can only be diagnosed with a CT scan of the foot
4. DGout is still possible, as urate can be normal in an attack

At the start of a shift, the nurse reviews four new results. Which patient needs attention first?

1. AGlucose 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) after a meal in a patient with diabetes
2. BHemoglobin 11,0 g/dL (110 g/L) in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
3. CPotassium 5,2 mEq/L in a patient with stable chronic kidney disease
4. DSodium 119 mEq/L in a patient with new confusion and vomiting

A patient with diabetes and chronic kidney disease had a CT scan with IV contrast. Two days later, the creatinine has risen from 1,4 to 2,0 mg/dL (124 to 177 µmol/L). Which action is most appropriate?

1. AReport it, monitor urine output and hold metformin until reviewed
2. BRestrict all fluids to protect the kidneys from more contrast
3. CGive extra metformin, because the glucose rises after contrast
4. DIgnore it, because contrast never affects kidney function