Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: cardiovasculair en respiratoir met antwoorden

What is the main cause of COPD in high-income countries?

1. ACigarette smoking
2. BEating too much salt
3. CChildhood asthma
4. DA viral infection

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. AIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
2. BBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen
3. CBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
4. DBy mouth, crushed and given with water

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter
2. BIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight
3. CConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
4. DIt slows the breathing rate during sleep

Why is a beta-blocker started at a low dose and increased slowly in heart failure?

1. AIt can briefly worsen symptoms before long-term benefit appears
2. BIt is safe only at the highest possible dose from the very start
3. CIt must be stopped as soon as symptoms improve
4. DIt works only if the dose is never changed after the first day

Twee dagen na een myocardinfarct krijgt een patiënt plotselinge kortademigheid, crepitaties en een nieuw luid systolisch geruis. Aan welke complicatie moet worden gedacht?

1. AEen longembolie door langdurige bedrust
2. BPapillairspierruptuur met acute mitralisklepinsufficiëntie
3. CEen nieuwe episode van stabiele angina pectoris door stress
4. DPostinfarctpericarditis met een pericardwrijving

A woman with hypertension who takes lisinopril says she is planning a pregnancy. What should the nurse advise?

1. ADouble the dose to protect the baby from high blood pressure
2. BStop all blood pressure treatment straight away without telling anyone
3. CDiscuss switching medicine with the prescriber before trying to conceive
4. DContinue lisinopril, as it is the safest blood pressure drug in pregnancy

A patient with a tracheostomy suddenly becomes distressed, and a suction catheter will not pass down the tube. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the oxygen and wait
2. BInflate the cuff with more air
3. CGive a nebulised bronchodilator
4. DRemove the inner cannula

During a thrombolytic infusion for an MI, the patient develops a sudden severe headache, vomiting and new confusion. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASlow the infusion and give an antiemetic
2. BGive a second dose to finish the treatment
3. CStop the infusion and call for urgent medical help
4. DContinue the infusion, as headache is a common side effect