Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: cardiovasculair en respiratoir met antwoorden

Which sign often appears earliest in hypovolaemic shock in an adult?

1. AA slow, bounding pulse
2. BFixed, dilated pupils
3. CA systolic pressure below 70 mmHg
4. DA rising heart rate

What is bronchiectasis?

1. AA brief spasm of the airways that fully reverses with treatment
2. BPermanent widening of the bronchi with chronic sputum
3. CDestruction of the alveolar walls with air trapping
4. DA tumour of the main bronchus

What does a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-gamma release assay show?

1. AThat the patient has never met TB
2. BComplete, lifelong immunity to TB after a previous vaccine
3. CActive, infectious TB of the lungs that needs isolation now
4. DInfection with TB at some time, not necessarily active disease

A patient is going home with a 24-hour Holter monitor. Which instruction is most important?

1. AShower as normal with the monitor on
2. BStay in bed for the full 24 hours so the trace is clear
3. CKeep a diary of symptoms and activities with the times
4. DRemove the monitor whenever symptoms occur and restart it

After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?

1. AOnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
2. BImmediately after the scope is removed
3. CAfter a full 24 hours without food
4. DWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned

A patient choosing between a mechanical and a biological heart valve asks about the main difference. Which answer is accurate?

1. AMechanical valves wear out within one year
2. BBiological valves last longer but need lifelong warfarin
3. CBoth types need no medicines after surgery
4. DMechanical valves last longer but need lifelong anticoagulation

A patient has sudden severe chest pain spreading to the back between the shoulder blades. Which finding most supports aortic dissection rather than myocardial infarction?

1. APain that started at rest
2. BSweating, nausea and pallor that started with the pain
3. CA large difference in blood pressure between the arms
4. DA heart rate of 104/min and a respiratory rate of 22/min

Two days after a coronary stent, a patient on aspirin and ticagrelor has black, tarry stools and feels faint on standing. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop both antiplatelet drugs permanently on the nurse's own decision
2. BGive a laxative and repeat the observations tomorrow
3. CReassure the patient that iron tablets cause black stools
4. DCheck vital signs, report urgently and anticipate a blood count