Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: cardiovasculair en respiratoir met antwoorden

Waar moet een thoraxdrainagesysteem worden geplaatst?

1. ARechtop en ter hoogte van de schouder van de patiënt
2. BRechtop en onder het niveau van de borstkas
3. COp zijn zij onder het bed om ruimte te besparen
4. DHangend boven het bed zodat het door zuiging draineert

Where is the apex beat normally felt in an adult?

1. AThe second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
2. BThe fifth intercostal space in the left mid-clavicular line
3. COver the middle of the breastbone
4. DJust below the right nipple

Which side effect of ethambutol should patients report straight away?

1. ANumbness and tingling of the feet and hands
2. BBlurred vision or changes in colour vision
3. CA painful, red and swollen big toe joint
4. DOrange-red colouring of the urine and tears

A patient on furosemide has a serum potassium of 3,0 mmol/L (3,0 mEq/L). Which symptoms may this cause?

1. ASevere headache and a stiff neck
2. BTingling around the lips and painful spasm of the hands
3. CFacial flushing, fever and a skin rash
4. DMuscle weakness, cramps and an irregular pulse

Why are beta-blockers often started after a myocardial infarction?

1. AThey reduce cholesterol in the blood
2. BThey lower the heart's oxygen demand and reduce arrhythmias
3. CThey raise the heart rate to improve blood flow to the muscle
4. DThey dissolve the clot that is blocking the coronary artery

Why is a non-selective beta-blocker such as propranolol usually avoided in a patient with asthma?

1. AIt makes inhaled corticosteroids work too strongly
2. BIt can cause bronchospasm by blocking beta-2 receptors
3. CIt thickens airway mucus by drying the airways
4. DIt raises the heart rate sharply during an acute asthma attack

A patient with obstructive sleep apnoea who uses CPAP at home is having surgery. Which plan is safest after the operation?

1. ALeave the CPAP machine at home, as it is not needed while in hospital
2. BUse their CPAP machine and monitor closely, using opioids with caution
3. CNurse the patient lying flat on their back to keep the airway open
4. DGive extra opioids so the patient sleeps through the night

A 74-year-old with atrial fibrillation, hypertension and diabetes asks why she needs an anticoagulant when she feels well. Which reply is best?

1. AIt is given to lower her blood pressure
2. BThe anticoagulant will stop the irregular heartbeat for good
3. CHer risk of stroke is high, and an anticoagulant lowers it
4. DIt is needed only while she has palpitations