Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: cardiovasculair en respiratoir met antwoorden

Welk ademgeluid is typisch voor vernauwde kleine luchtwegen bij astma?

1. AGrove crepitaties die na hoesten verdwijnen
2. BPiepen, meestal luider bij uitademing
3. CStridor die vooral bij inademing te horen is
4. DPleurawrijving bij diepe ademhaling

On spirometry, what does a reduced FEV₁/FVC ratio indicate?

1. ALow haemoglobin
2. BNormal lung function
3. CWeak heart muscle
4. DObstruction to airflow

Which sign often appears earliest in hypovolaemic shock in an adult?

1. AFixed, dilated pupils
2. BA slow, bounding pulse
3. CA systolic pressure below 70 mmHg
4. DA rising heart rate

A patient has exercise-induced asthma. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AAvoid all forms of exercise permanently to prevent attacks
2. BTake a beta-blocker before exercise
3. CUse the reliever inhaler shortly before exercise and warm up
4. DExercise only in cold, dry air to toughen the airways

Which exercise advice is recommended for intermittent claudication?

1. AComplete bed rest until the leg pain has gone for at least a month
2. BStopping walking at the very first twinge of pain each time
3. CSupervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat
4. DWalking only on days when the legs feel warm and painless

In heart failure, why does activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system worsen symptoms over time?

1. AIt causes sodium and water retention and vasoconstriction
2. BIt slows the heart rate dangerously
3. CIt makes the kidneys pass too much dilute urine each day
4. DIt lowers the blood pressure to very low levels over time

Ten days after cardiac surgery, a patient has a fever, a red sternal wound with discharge and a clicking feeling in the chest when coughing. What should the nurse suspect?

1. APericarditis from the operation
2. BNormal wound healing with some expected discharge
3. CSternal wound infection with an unstable sternum
4. DCostochondritis caused by forceful coughing

Een patiënt met een acute COPD-exacerbatie die CO₂ vasthoudt, krijgt vernevelde luchtwegverwijders voorgeschreven. Hoe moet de vernevelaar meestal worden aangedreven?

1. AMet zuurstof van 15 L/min zo lang mogelijk
2. BZonder gasstroom, door de patiënt diep te laten ademen
3. CMet zuurstof van 6–8 L/min en zonder saturatiebewaking
4. DMet perslucht, plus gecontroleerde zuurstof via een neusbril