Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: cardiovasculair en respiratoir met antwoorden

What defines type 2 respiratory failure?

1. ALow PaO₂ with a normal or low PaCO₂
2. BHigh PaO₂ with a high bicarbonate
3. CNormal PaO₂ with a low PaCO₂
4. DLow PaO₂ with a raised PaCO₂

What is the normal duration of the QRS complex on an adult ECG?

1. ALess than 0,12 seconds
2. BBetween 0,20 and 0,40 seconds
3. CExactly 1 second
4. DMore than 0,50 seconds

Which sound is typical of a pleural friction rub?

1. AA high-pitched musical sound on expiration
2. BA harsh sound on breathing in from the throat
3. CFine bubbling sounds that clear with coughing
4. DA creaking, grating sound with each breath

A patient taking simvastatin drinks a large glass of grapefruit juice every morning. Why is this a concern?

1. AIt turns the statin into a blood thinner
2. BIt causes the cholesterol level to rise sharply
3. CIt raises statin levels and the risk of muscle damage
4. DIt stops the statin from being absorbed from the gut at all

A young patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy asks why they are told to avoid dehydration. What is the best explanation?

1. ALow blood volume can worsen obstruction of blood leaving the heart
2. BDehydration makes the heart muscle grow thicker within a few hours
3. CDehydration is the cause of the inherited condition
4. DFluids dissolve the extra muscle in the heart wall

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
2. BThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
3. CThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
4. DThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve

During tracheal suctioning, a patient's heart rate drops from 88/min to 48/min. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a dose of atropine without a prescription
2. BContinue suctioning until the airway is completely clear
3. CIncrease the suction pressure to finish faster
4. DStop suctioning, give oxygen and monitor the patient

A nurse has four cardiac patients. Which one should be seen first?

1. AA patient after a radial angiogram asking when they can eat
2. BA patient with angina whose chest pain has not eased with rest and who is sweating
3. CA patient with AF and a heart rate of 86/min who is due an apixaban dose this morning
4. DA patient with heart failure whose weight is 0,3 kg up on yesterday's morning weight