Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: cardiovasculair en respiratoir met antwoorden

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

1. AIt divides the trachea into two bronchi
2. BIt vibrates to produce the sound of the voice when speaking
3. CIt warms and moistens the air on its way into the lungs
4. DIt covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing

What is the main role of the delay at the atrioventricular (AV) node?

1. AIt gives the ventricles time to fill before they contract
2. BIt starts each heartbeat by firing faster than the SA node
3. CIt speeds the impulse to the ventricles so they beat sooner
4. DIt closes the aortic valve

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight
2. BIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter
3. CIt slows the breathing rate during sleep
4. DConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open

De monitor toont ventrikelfibrilleren. De patiënt reageert niet en ademt niet normaal. Wat is de belangrijkste behandeling?

1. AReanimatie en zo snel mogelijk defibrillatie
2. BGesynchroniseerde cardioversie onder diepe sedatie
3. CIntraveneus atropine en externe pacing
4. DSnel intraveneus adenosine gevolgd door een spoeling

A patient takes both digoxin and furosemide. Why does the nurse watch the potassium level closely?

1. APotassium has no link with either medicine
2. BLow potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
3. CLow potassium makes digoxin stop working completely
4. DHigh potassium is the main effect of furosemide

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
2. BWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only
3. CJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
4. DAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night

After a fall onto the chest, part of a patient's chest wall moves inward when they breathe in and outward when they breathe out. What does this indicate?

1. AA flail chest from ribs broken in more than one place
2. BA single simple rib fracture with no lung injury
3. CA large pleural effusion pressing on the chest wall
4. DNormal chest movement caused by pain on breathing

A patient on an unfractionated heparin infusion has a nosebleed that will not stop, and the aPTT is far above the target range. What is the most appropriate action?

1. AGive vitamin K and continue the infusion at a slightly lower rate
2. BStop the infusion, inform the prescriber and anticipate protamine
3. CContinue the infusion at the same rate and pack the nose firmly
4. DIncrease the infusion, as the aPTT will settle