Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: cardiovasculair en respiratoir met antwoorden

Which organism is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

1. AStreptococcus pneumoniae
2. BEscherichia coli
3. CCandida albicans
4. DClostridioides difficile

Which pain description is typical of an acute aortic dissection?

1. ASudden, severe tearing pain that spreads to the back
2. BDull ache that slowly builds over several days
3. CBurning pain after meals that eases with antacids
4. DCramping calf pain that eases with a short rest

Which procedure relieves cardiac tamponade?

1. ABronchoscopy
2. BThoracentesis (pleural tap)
3. CPericardiocentesis
4. DCardioversion

Unless fluids are restricted, why are patients with pneumonia encouraged to drink plenty?

1. ATo make the cough completely stop
2. BTo prevent dehydration and keep secretions thinner
3. CTo flush the bacteria out through the urine
4. DTo lower the temperature by diluting the blood plasma

A patient in cardiac rehabilitation asks how hard to exercise. Which simple guide is commonly taught?

1. AExercise until chest pain starts, then stop
2. BExercise until they are too breathless to speak at all
3. CExercise only until the heart rate rises even slightly
4. DExercise so they are a little breathless but can still talk

A patient on nasal cannula oxygen breathes mainly through the mouth. What is the most accurate statement?

1. AIt has no effect at all in mouth breathers and must be stopped
2. BThe flow must be increased to 15 L/min to make it work at all
3. CThe cannula should be placed in the mouth
4. DIt can still work, because oxygen collects in the nasopharynx

A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?

1. A"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."
2. B"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
3. C"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."
4. D"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."

A patient taking ramipril and indapamide for hypertension starts regular ibuprofen for back pain. A week later, creatinine has risen sharply. What is the most likely cause?

1. AIbuprofen raising the blood pressure to levels that damage the kidneys
2. BBack pain causing kidney damage
3. CAn allergic reaction to the diuretic causing inflammation of the kidney
4. DAn ACE inhibitor, diuretic and NSAID together reducing kidney perfusion