Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: cardiovasculair en respiratoir met antwoorden

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA high level of fluid in the tissues
2. BA low level of sodium in the blood
3. CA reduced volume of blood in the circulation
4. DA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
2. BThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
3. CThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected
4. DThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung

During cardiac arrest, how is adrenaline (epinephrine) usually given?

1. AIntravenously or by the intraosseous route
2. BBy mouth, crushed and given with water
3. CBy inhalation through a nebuliser mask
4. DBy subcutaneous injection into the abdomen

Welke vaccinaties worden meestal aanbevolen voor mensen met COPD?

1. AAlleen een jaarlijkse tetanusbooster
2. BHelemaal geen vaccins, omdat die bekend staan als uitlokkers van exacerbaties
3. CElke vijf jaar een BCG-vaccin
4. DJaarlijkse griepvaccinatie en pneumokokkenvaccinatie

Twee dagen na een myocardinfarct krijgt een patiënt plotselinge kortademigheid, crepitaties en een nieuw luid systolisch geruis. Aan welke complicatie moet worden gedacht?

1. AEen nieuwe episode van stabiele angina pectoris door stress
2. BPapillairspierruptuur met acute mitralisklepinsufficiëntie
3. CEen longembolie door langdurige bedrust
4. DPostinfarctpericarditis met een pericardwrijving

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. AThe first sample is always contaminated
2. BTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
3. CTroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
4. DThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80

A nurse phones the doctor about a patient with pneumonia whose observations are worsening. Using SBAR, which statement is the clearest "recommendation"?

1. A"I am calling about the patient in bed 6."
2. B"I think he may have sepsis; please review him within 30 minutes."
3. C"His heart rate is 124/min, his BP is 88/50 mmHg and he is confused."
4. D"He is 72 and was admitted yesterday with community-acquired pneumonia."

Why is the cuff pressure of an endotracheal or tracheostomy tube checked regularly?

1. AThe cuff must be kept fully deflated in every ventilated patient
2. BToo high a pressure damages the trachea; too low allows aspiration
3. CThe cuff pressure sets the ventilator's breathing rate
4. DThe cuff pressure directly controls the patient's oxygen saturation