Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: maag-darmstelsel, perioperatief en oncologie met antwoorden

Why does chemotherapy often affect the bone marrow, gut lining and hair?

1. AThese tissues store the chemotherapy drugs
2. BThese tissues contain rapidly dividing cells
3. CThese tissues are the main sites of cancer
4. DThese tissues have no blood supply

What does the grade of a cancer describe?

1. AHow far the cancer has spread in the body
2. BThe patient's age when diagnosed
3. CHow many treatments the patient has had so far, including surgery
4. DHow abnormal the cancer cells look under a microscope

Which sign suggests acute cholecystitis?

1. APain in the left lower abdomen when the right side is pressed
2. BA flapping tremor of the hands when the arms are held out
3. CPain that stops a deep breath when the right upper abdomen is pressed
4. DBruising around the umbilicus and over both flanks of the abdomen

Which finding means a patient is usually ready to leave recovery for the ward?

1. AAwake, with a clear airway, stable observations and controlled pain
2. BSystolic BP falling steadily over the last hour, with a rising pulse rate
3. CStill drowsy and needing a jaw thrust to breathe
4. DPain score 9/10 and vomiting repeatedly

When is cold therapy most useful for pain?

1. ASoon after an acute soft tissue injury, to reduce swelling
2. BOver numb areas where sensation is lost
3. CDirectly on skin with poor circulation
4. DFor long-term muscle stiffness, applied continuously for several hours

A dying patient can no longer drink. Which mouth care is most appropriate?

1. ALemon and glycerine swabs every hour to stimulate saliva
2. BBrushing hard with a stiff toothbrush twice a day
3. CNo mouth care, to avoid disturbing the patient
4. DFrequent, gentle moistening of the mouth and lips

A competent adult who is a Jehovah's Witness refuses blood transfusion before major surgery. What should the nurse do?

1. ACancel the surgery without discussing it
2. BRespect the decision, document it and inform the team
3. CPlan to transfuse secretly during the operation if it becomes needed
4. DAsk the family to override the decision

During a nasogastric feed, a patient starts coughing and SpO₂ falls from 96% to 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. ALay the patient flat to help them rest
2. BGive a drink of water to clear the throat
3. CIncrease the feed rate to finish it sooner
4. DStop the feed and assess the airway and breathing