Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: maag-darmstelsel, perioperatief en oncologie met antwoorden

What is the Braden scale (or a similar tool such as Waterlow) used for?

1. AGrading the depth of a burn wound before dressing it
2. BMeasuring a patient's level of consciousness
3. CAssessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers
4. DScoring the severity of nausea

Waarom wordt bij een darmobstructie vaak een neus-maagsonde ingebracht?

1. AOm laxeermiddelen te geven die de obstructie opheffen
2. BOm rechtstreeks een vezelrijke voeding voorbij de afsluiting te geven
3. COm de maag te ontlasten en het braken te verminderen
4. DOm de druk in de darm te meten

What is a common reason for giving a premedication before surgery?

1. ATo make the patient hungry after surgery
2. BTo treat the surgical wound in advance
3. CTo replace the general anaesthetic
4. DTo reduce anxiety

When is cold therapy most useful for pain?

1. AOver numb areas where sensation is lost
2. BDirectly on skin with poor circulation
3. CSoon after an acute soft tissue injury, to reduce swelling
4. DFor long-term muscle stiffness, applied continuously for several hours

Which description fits a category (stage) 4 pressure ulcer?

1. AA shallow wound into the dermis only
2. BFull-thickness loss with exposed bone, tendon or muscle
3. CA blister filled with clear fluid over the heel or sacrum
4. DIntact skin with redness that does not blanch

Why are accurate fluid balance charts kept after major surgery?

1. ATo detect dehydration, fluid overload or kidney problems early
2. BTo decide which meal the patient will have next
3. CTo check how far the patient has walked and how often they get out of bed
4. DTo record when visitors come and go

A patient on immunotherapy for melanoma has six watery stools a day and abdominal cramps. What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure that diarrhoea is normal and harmless
2. BGive loperamide and review next week
3. CEscalate urgently, as immune-related colitis is likely
4. DAdvise eating more fibre and fruit to firm up the stools

During burn resuscitation, a 70 kg adult's urine output has been 120 mL/h for 3 hours, and the face and limbs are very oedematous. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a diuretic without discussing it
2. BDiscuss reducing the fluid rate with the team
3. CIncrease the fluid rate to keep the output high
4. DStop all IV fluids completely and remove the catheter