Werkblad Medisch-chirurgisch: maag-darmstelsel, perioperatief en oncologie met antwoorden

Which features are typical of a superficial partial-thickness burn?

1. ARedness only, with no blisters, like sunburn
2. BCharred skin with exposed muscle and bone
3. CDry, white, leathery skin with no pain
4. DBlisters, a moist pink base and severe pain

Why is nail varnish or a gel nail often removed from at least one finger before surgery?

1. ABecause the varnish can make the anaesthetic gas less effective
2. BBecause varnish raises the patient's blood pressure
3. CBecause it is a checklist rule with no clinical reason
4. DSo pulse oximetry readings and nail colour can be assessed accurately

Why are patients advised to stop smoking before surgery?

1. AIt lowers the risk of chest and wound complications
2. BIt stops patients from feeling hungry while fasting
3. CIt is needed so that consent forms are valid
4. DIt makes the anaesthetic work for a shorter time

Which is a common side effect of opioids, especially when given by epidural or spinal route?

1. AIncreased hunger
2. BItching
3. CHair growth
4. DRinging in the ears

A patient with a new colostomy asks what to eat at home. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AEat a normal, balanced diet and introduce foods gradually
2. BEat only liquids until the stoma is removed
3. CDrink as little fluid as possible to reduce output
4. DAvoid all fruit and vegetables for the rest of their life

A patient on warfarin is booked for elective surgery with a high bleeding risk. What is usual practice?

1. ATake the usual dose on the morning of surgery
2. BStop it about 5 days before and check the INR
3. CSwap to aspirin on the morning of surgery
4. DDouble the dose for a week so the blood is ready for surgery

Six hours after surgery, a patient has not passed urine, has lower abdominal discomfort and a bladder scan shows 750 mL. What should the nurse do?

1. ARestrict fluids until the urge returns
2. BCatheterise as per protocol or prescription
3. CGive a diuretic to increase urine flow
4. DWait another twelve hours before acting

A patient on warfarin has a major upper GI bleed with an INR of 5. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate to reverse the warfarin?

1. AProthrombin complex concentrate with IV vitamin K
2. BProtamine sulfate on its own
3. COral aspirin to balance the clotting system quickly
4. DMore warfarin to stabilise the INR